Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Chemimechanical pulping
- Mechanical pulping
- Pulp characterisation and properties
Batch cooking General approach In conventional batch cooking, the cooking chemicals (in white liquor and recycled black liquor) are fed to the digester in the beginning of delignification.1-6 To reach cooking temperature, the digester contents receive heat from direct steam or via indirect heating of recirculation liquor in a heat exchanger. When the desired degree
Authors & references
Authors:
Raimo Alén, University of Jyväskylä and Victoria Lindqvist, Forest Products Engineers have condensed and modified the text mainly from the reference “Gustafsson, J., Alén, R., Engström, J., Korpinen, R., Kuusisto, P., Leavitt, A, Olsson, K., Piira, J., Samuelsson, A. and Sundquist, J. 2011. Pulping. In: Fardim, P. (Ed.). Chemical Pulping Part 1, Fibre Chemistry and Technology. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 187−381”. More literature references can be also found in this chapter.
References:
- Rydholm, S. 1965. Pulping Processes. Interscience Publishers, New York, NY, USA. 1269 p.
- Grace, T. M., Leopold, B., Malcolm, E. W. and Kocurek, M. J. (Eds.). 1989. Pulp and Paper Manufacture, Volume 5, Alkaline Pulping. 3rd edition. The Joint Textbook Committee of the Paper Industry, TAPPI&CPPA, USA and Canada. 637 p.
- Biermann, C. J. 1996. Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking. 2nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. 754 p.
- Gullichsen, J. and Fogelholm, C.-J. (Eds.). 1999. Chemical Pulping, Book 6A. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, Finland. 694 p.
- Sixta, H. (Ed.). 2006. Handbook of Pulp. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany. 1348 p.
- Fardim, P. (Ed.) 2011. Chemical Pulping Part 1, Fibre Chemistry and Technology. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. 748 p.
- Uusitalo, P. and Svedman, M. 1999. In: Gullichsen, J. and Fogelholm, C.-J. (Eds.). Chemical Pulping, Book 6A. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. A492-A511.
- Shin, N. H., Abuhasan, U. S. and Sezgi, U. S. 1996. Wood Pulp. Proceedings of Paper and Waste Paper Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Weckroth, R. and Hiljanen, S. 1996. SuperBatch cooking: from innovation to experience. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on New Available Techniques, SPCI, Stockholm, Sweden. Pp. 449–474.
- Tikka, P. 1992. Conditions to extend kraft cooking successfully. Proceedings of the TAPPI Pulping Conference. Boston, MA, USA. Pp. 699–706.
- Kovasin, K. and Tikka, P. 1992. Superbatch cooking results in superlow kappa numbers. Proceedings of SPCI-ATICELPA 92, Bologna, Italy. Pp. 71–88.
- Virkola, N.-E., Pikka, O. and Keitaanniemi, O. 1983. Sulfaattisellun valmistus. In: Virkola, N.-E. (Ed.). Puumassan valmistus. Suomen Paperi-insinöörien Yhdistyksen oppi- ja käsikirja II, osa 1. Teknillisten Tieteiden Akatemia, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 291–410.
- Tikka, P. and Kovasin, K. 1990. Displacement vs. conventional batch kraft pulping: delignification patterns and pulp strength delivery. Paperi ja Puu 72(8):773–779.
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This page has been updated 10.05.2021