Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Chemimechanical pulping
- Mechanical pulping
- Pulp characterisation and properties
Dispersants This article will give an overview of the group of dispersants that is used in the processes of biomass fractionation or pulping. Dispersants for fillers and coating pigments are not discussed. Dispersants are usually a surface-active substance, or a few formulated those substances. As a commercial product, the formulation may contain other compounds to
Authors & references
Author:
Chunlin Xu, Kemira Oyj
References:
- Bergelin, E., von Schoultz, S., Hemming, J. and Holmbom, B. 2003. Evaluation of methods for extraction and analysis of wood resin in birch kraft pulp. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal 18(2):129-133.
- Sundberg, K., Hemming, J., Lassus, A. and Holmbom, B. 1997. Determination of fatty and resin acid calcium soaps. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium of Wood and Pulping Chemistry, PAPTAC 108:1-4.
- Back, E. L. and Ekman, R. 2000. Definitions of wood resin and its components. In: Back, E. L. and Allen, L. H. (Eds.). Pitch Control, Wood Resin and Deresination. TAPPI PRESS, Atlanta, GA, USA. Pp. vii-xi.
- Ekman, R. and Holmbom, B. 2000. The chemistry of wood resin. In: Back, E. L. and Allen, L. H. (Eds.). Pitch Control, Wood Resin and Deresination. TAPPI PRESS, Atlanta, GA, USA. Pp. 37-76.
- Back, E. L. 2000. Deresination in pulping and washing. In: Back, E. L. and Allen, L. H. (Eds.). Pitch Control, Wood Resin and Deresination. TAPPI PRESS, Atlanta, GA, USA. Pp. 205-230.
- Bergelin, E., Möller, R. and Holmbom, B. 2005. Analysis of pitch and deposit samples in kraft pulp production. Paperi ja Puu 87(5):1-5.
- Allen, L., Schofield, M., Faubert, M. and Bouchard, J. 2005. Improved deresination during oxygen delignification. Part II: effects of blended surfactant addition. Pulp & Paper Canada 106(2):T39-T41.
- Auhorn, W. J. and Niemelä, K. 2008. Process chemicals for the production of chemical pulp. In: Chemical Additives for the Production of Pulp & Paper. ZELLCHEMING Technical Committee ‘Chemical Additives (CHAD)’, Deutscher Fachverlag, Germany. Pp. 225-256.
- Brogdon, B. N. and Adiwinata, J. 2011. A review of deresinators as digester additives for kraft pulping. In: Proceedings of the 2011 TAPPI Pulping, Engineering, Environmental, Recycling and Sustainability (PEERS) Conference. Pp. 935-946.
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This page has been updated 19.05.2021