Reactions of carbohydrates – bleaching

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Reactions of carbohydrates – bleaching Among all industrial bleaching chemicals (see Principles and definitions–bleaching), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is the most selective lignin oxidant and it reacts very slowly with polysaccharides, although reactions of molecular chlorine (Cl2) with pulp carbohydrates are also much slower than those with lignin.1,2 On dissolution of molecular chlorine (Cl2) in water,

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Authors & references

Author:

Raimo Alén, University of Jyväskylä

References

Sjöström, E. 1993. Wood Chemistry – Fundamentals and Applications. 2^nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. Pp. 166–201.
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Chirat, C., Hostachy, J.-C., Paloniemi, J., Pelin, K., Pohjanvesi, S., Nordén, S., Vesala, R. and Wennerström, M. 2011. Bleaching. In: Fardim, P. (Ed.). Chemical Pulping Part 1, Fibre Chemistry and Technology. 2^nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 457−599.
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Vuorinen, T., Buchert, J., Teleman, A., Tenkanen, M. and Fagerström, P. 1996. Selective hydrolysis of hexenuronic acid groups and its applications in ECF and TCF bleaching of kraft pulps. Proceedings of International Pulp Bleaching Conference 1996, TAPPI Press, Atlanta, GA, USA. p. 43.
Juutilainen, S., Vuorinen, T., Vilpponen, A., Henricson, K. and Pikka, O. 1999. Combining chlorine dioxide bleaching of birch kraft pulp with an a stage at high temperature. Proceedings of 1999 TAPPI Pulping Conference, October 31–November 4, 1999, Orlando, FL, USA. Pp. 645–651.
Maréchal, A. 1993. Acid extraction of the alkaline wood pulps (kraft or soda/AQ) before or during bleaching. Reason and opportunity. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology 13(2):261–281.
Lachenal, D. and Chirat, C. 1999. About the efficiency of the most common bleaching agents. Proceedings of 1999 TAPPI Pulping Conference, October 31–November 4, 1999, Orlando, FL, USA. Pp. 623–630.
Ragnar, M. and Torngren, M. 2002. Ways to reduce the amount of organically bound chlorine in bleached pulp and the AOX discharges from ECF bleaching. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal 17(3):234–239.
Staehelin, J. and Hoigné, J. 1982. Decomposition of ozone in water: rate of initiation by hydroxyl ions and hydrogen peroxide. Environmental Science & Technology 16(10):676–680.
Magara, K., Ikeda, T., Tomimura, Y. and Hosoya, S. 1998. Accelerated degradation of cellulose in the presence of lignin during ozone bleaching. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science 24(8):264–268.
Parthasarathy, V. R. and Peterson, R. C. 1990. Ozone bleaching. Part 1. The decomposition of ozone in aqueous solution. Influence of pH, temperature and transition metals on the rate kinetics of ozone decomposition. Proceedings of Oxygen Delignification TAPPI Symposium, Toronto, Canada. Pp. 23–52.
Pan, G., Chen, C. L., Chang, H. m. and Gratzl, J. S. 1981. Model experiments on the splitting of glucosidic bonds by ozone. Proceedings of International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Vol. II, Stockholm, Sweden. Pp. 132–144.
Eriksson, T. and Gierer, J. 1985. Ozonisation of structural elements of residual lignin. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology 5(1):53–84.
Vuorinen, T., Fagerström, P., Räsänen, E., Vikkula, A., Henricson, K. and Teleman, A. 1997. Selective hydrolysis of hexenuronic acid groups opens new possibilities for development of bleaching processes. Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Montreal, Canada. P. M4–1.
Sosnovski, G. and Rawlinson, D. J. 1970. Chemistry of hydroperoxides in the presence of metal ions. In: Swern, D. (Ed.). Organic Peroxides, Vol II. Wiley Interscience, New York, NY, USA. P. 153.

This page has been updated 19.05.2021

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