Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Chemimechanical pulping
- Mechanical pulping
- Pulp characterisation and properties
Wood extractives – general description General aspects Storage is an inevitable part of the procurement chain of all woody raw materials. Whether it be in harvesting sites, windrows, terminals or at end-use facilities, until the raw material has reached its final destination, some storage has occurred (see Factors contributing to the loss of extractives). Different
Authors & references
Authors:
Eelis Halmemies and Hanna Brännström, Luke (Natural Resources Institute Finland)
References:
- Holmbom, B. 2011. Extraction and utilisation of non-structural wood and bark components. In: Alén, R. (Ed.). Biorefining of Forest Resources. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 176–224.
- Fengel, D. and Wegner, D. 1989. Wood − Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, Germany. 613 p.
- Dorado, J., Van Beek, T. A., Claassen, F. W. and Sierra-Alvarez, R. 2001. Degradation of lipophilic wood extractive constituents in Pinus sylvestris by the white-rot fungi Bjerkandera sp. and Trametes versicolor. Wood Science and Technology 35(1–2):117–125.
- Gominho, J., Figueira, J., Rodrigues, J. C. and Pereira, H. 2007. Within-tree variation of heartwood, extractives and wood density in the eucalypt hybrid urograndis (Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla). Wood Fiber Science 33(1):3–8.
- Via, B. K., Groom, L. H., Shupe, T. F. and Wikaira, J. 2007. Within tree variation of lignin, extractives, and microfibril angle coupled with the theoretical and near infrared modeling of microfibril angle. IAWA Journal 28(2):189–209.
- Jyske, T., Laakso, T., Latva-Mäenpää, H., Tapanila, T. and Saranpää, P. 2014. Yield of stilbene glucosides from the bark of young and old norway spruce stems. Biomass Bioenergy 71:216–227.
- Wijayanto, A., Dumarçay, S., Gérardin-Charbonnier, C., Sari, R. K., Syafii, W. and Gérardin, P. 2015. Phenolic and lipophilic extractives in Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vries knots and stemwood. Industrial Crops and Products. 69:466–471.
- Gabaston, J., Richard, T., Biais, B., Waffo-Teguo, P., Pedrot, E., Jourdes, M., Corio-Costet, M. and Mérillon, J. 2017. Stilbenes from common spruce (Picea abies) bark as natural antifungal agent against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). Industrial Crops and Products 103:267–273.
- Leppänen, K., Spetz, P., Pranovich, A., Hartonen, K., Kitunen, V. and Ilvesniemi, H. 2011. Pressurized hot water extraction of Norway spruce hemicelluloses using a flow-through system. Wood Science and Technology 45(2):223–236.
- Ek, M., Gellerstedt, G., Henriksson, G. (Eds.). 2009. Wood Chemistry and Biotechnology. Vol. 1. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, Germany. Pp. 156–160.
- Kettunen, P. (Ed.). 2009. Advances in Materials Science of Wood. Vol.1. Trans Tech Publications. Dürnten, Switzerland. Pp. 15–20.
- Schaller, H. 2003. The role of sterols in plant growth and development. Progress in Lipid Research 42(3):163-175.
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This page has been updated 05.05.2021