Pyrolysis

← Previous Next →

Pyrolysis In the slow heat-up of conventional wood pyrolysis (“slow pyrolysis”, typically to 800–900 °C), the most important product is solid charcoal, but volatile products (i.e., gases and tar) are also formed.1-7 In addition to slow pyrolysis with very long residence time, there is “fast pyrolysis”, which produces a high yield of various volatile products

To access this post, you must purchase All themes or Pulping and biorefining. Do you already have a membership or are you part of an organization? log in

Authors & references

Author:

Raimo Alén, University of Jyväskylä

References:

Soltes, E. J. and Elder, T. J. 1981. Pyrolysis. In: Goldstein, I. S. (Ed.). Organic Chemicals from Biomass. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. Pp. 63−99.
Shafizadeh, F. 1982. Introduction to pyrolysis of biomass. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 3:283−305.
Bridgwater, A. V. (Ed.). 2002. Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: a Handbook, Volume 2. CPL Press, Newbury, England. 426 p.
Alén, R. 2011. Principles of biorefining. In: Alén, R. (Ed.). Biorefining of Forest Resources. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 55−114.
Konttinen, J., Reinikainen, M., Oasmaa, A. and Solantausta, Y. 2011. Thermochemical conversion of forest biomass. In: Alén, R. (Ed.). Biorefining of Forest Resources. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 262−304.
Wang, S. and Luo, Z. 2017. Pyrolysis of Biomass. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Germany. 268 p.
Alén, R. 2018. Carbohydrate Chemistry – Fundamentals and Applications. World Scientific, Singapore. Pp. 280−341.
Bridgwater, A. V., Meier, D. and Radlein, D. 1999. An overview of fast pyrolysis of biomass. Organic Geochemistry 30:1479−1493.
Bridgwater, A. V. and Peacocke, G. V. V. 2000. Fast pyrolysis processes for biomass. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 4:1−73.
Bridgwater, A. V., Czernik, S. and Piskorz, J. 2002. The status of biomass fast pyrolysis. In: Bridgwater, A. V. (Ed.). Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: a Handbook, Volume 2. CPL Press, Newbury, England. Pp. 1−22.
Arshadi, M. and Sellstedt, A. 2008. Production of energy from biomass. In: Clark, J. H. and Deswarte, F. E. I. (Eds.). John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA. Pp. 143−178.
Bridgwater, A. V. 2012. Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass and Bioenergy 38:68−94.
Alén, R., Kuoppala, E. and Oesch, P. 1996. Formation of the main degradation compound groups from wood and its components during pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 36:137−148.
Balat, M. 2008. Mechanisms of thermochemical biomass conversion processes. Part 1: reactions of pyrolysis. Energy Sources, Part A 30(7):620−635.
Demirbas, A. 2009. Pyrolysis mechanisms of biomass materials. Energy Sources, Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects 31(13):1186−1193.
Moldoveanu, S. C. 2010. The chemistry of the pyrolytic process. In: Moldoveanu, S. C. (Ed.). Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Pp. 7−48.
Van de Velden, M., Baeyens, J., Brems, A., Janssens, B. and Devil, R. 2010. Fundamentals, kinetics and endothermicity of the biomass pyrolysis reaction. Renewable Energy 35(1)232−242.
Collard, F. X., Blin, J., Bensakhria, A. and Valette, J. 2012. Influence of impregnated metal on the pyrolysis conversion of biomass constituents. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 95:213−226.
Wang, S., Dai, G., Yang, H. and Luo, Z. 2017. Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism: a state-of-the-art review. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 62:33−86.
Ghalibaf, M. 2019. Analytical Pyrolysis of Wood and Non-wood Materials from Integrated Biorefinery Concepts. Doctoral Thesis. University of Jyväskylä, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Jyväskylä, Finland. 106 p.
Morf, P., Hasler, P. and Nussbaumer, T. 2002. Mechanisms and kinetics of homogeneous secondary reactions of tar from continuous pyrolysis of wood chips. Fuel 81(7):843−853.
Wei, L., Xu, S., Zhang, L., Liu, C., Zhu, H. and Liu, S. 2006. Characteristics of fast pyrolysis of biomass in a free fall reactor. Fuel Processing Technology 87(10):863−871.
Hosoya, T., Kawamoto, H. and Saka, S. 2007. Pyrolysis behaviors of wood and its constituent polymers at gasification temperature. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 78(2):328−336.
Neves, D., Thunman, H., Matos, A., Tarelho, L. and Gomez-Barea, A. 2011. Characterization and prediction of biomass pyrolysis products. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 37(5)611−630.
Evans, R. J. and Milne, T. A. 1987. Molecular characterization of pyrolysis of biomass. 1. Fundamentals. Energy & Fuels 1(2):123−138.
Blanco López, M. C., Blanco, C. G., Martínez-Alonso, A. and Tascón, J. M. D. 2002. Composition of gases released during olive stone pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 65(2):313−322.
Carey, F. A. 2000. Free-radical reactions. In: Carey, F. A. and Sundberg, R. J. (Eds.). Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A: Structure and Mechanisms. 4^th edition. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, NY, USA. Pp. 663−734.
Poutsama, M. L. 2000. Fundamental reactions of free radicals relevant to pyrolysis reactions. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 54(1,2):5−35.
Savage, P. E. 2000. Mechanisms and kinetics models for hydrocarbon pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 54(1,2):109−126.
Lappi H. 2012. Production of Hydrocarbon-rich Biofuels from Extractives-derived Materials. Doctoral Thesis. University of Jyväskylä, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Jyväskylä, Finland. 111 p.
Dhyani, V. and Bhaskar, T. 2017. A comprehensive review on the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Renewable Energy 245:1−22.
Elder, T. 1991. Pyrolysis of wood. In: Hon, D. N.-S. and Shiraishi, N. (Eds.). Wood and Cellulose Chemistry. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA. Pp. 665−692.
Alén, R., Rytkönen, S. and McKeough, P. 1995. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 31(C):1−13.
Chen, W. H. and Kuo, P. C. 2011. Isothermal torrefaction kinetics of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and xylan using thermogravimetric analysis. Energy 36(11):6451−6460.
Moriana, R., Zhang, Y., Mischnick, P., Li, J. and Ek, M. 2014. Thermal degradation behavior and kinetic analysis of spuce glucomannan and its methylated deivatives. Carbohydrate Polymers 106(1):60−70.
Stefanidis, S. D., Kalogiannis, K. G., Iliopoulou, E. F., Michailof, C. M., Pilavachi, P. A. and Lappas, A. A. 2014. A study of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis via the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 105:143−150.
Alén, R. 2000. Structure and chemical composition of wood. In: Stenius, P. (Ed.). Forest Products Chemistry. Fapet, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 11−57.
Patwardhan, P. D., Brown, R. C. and Shanks, B. H. 2011. Product distribution from the fast pyrolysis of hemicellulose. Chemistry and Sustainability, Energy and Materials 4(5):636−643.
Williams, P. T. and Besler, S. 1993. Thermogravimetric analysis of components of biomass. In: Bridgwater, A. T. (Ed.). Advances in thermochemical biomass conversion. Vol. 2. Pyrolysis. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Pp. 771−783.
Werner, K., Pommer, L. and Broström, M. 2014. Thermal decomposition of hemicelluloses. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 110:130−137.
Bradbury, A. G. W., Sakai, Y. and Shafizadeh, F. 1979. A kinetic model for pyrolysis of cellulose. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 23(11):3271−3280.
Liu, Q., Wang, S. R., Wang, K. G., Guo, X. J., Luo, Z. Y. and Cen, K. F. 2008. Mechanism of formation and consequents evolution of active cellulose during cellulose pyrolysis. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 24(11):1957−1963.
Di Blasi, C. and Lanzetta, M. 1997. Intrinsic kinetics of isothermal xylan degradation in inert atmosphere. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 40,41:287−303.
Branca, C., Di Blasi, C., Mango, C. and Hrablay, I. 2013. Products and kinetics of glucomannan pyrolysis. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52(14):5030−5039.
Cho, J., Chu, S., Dauenhauer, P. J. and Huber, G. W. 2012. Kinetics and reaction chemistry for slow pyrolysis of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin and organosolv extracted lignin derived from Maplewood. Green Chemistry 14(2):428−439.
Adam, M., Ocone, R., Mohammad, J., Berruti, F. and Briens C. 2013. Kinetic investigations of Kraft lignin pyrolysis. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52(26):8645−8654.

This page has been updated 06.05.2021

After reading this article you will..

Pulping and biorefining

Authors & references

Videos

Exercises