Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents (DES)
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Chemimechanical pulping
- Mechanical pulping
- Pulp characterisation and properties
Water handling General approach Most of the toxicity in pulp mill effluent is due to the high acute toxicity of water discharged from the debarking plant. About 50 % of the total amount of extractable material comes from the debarking plant. The corresponding value for COD from debarking is 20–30 %. Consequently, separate treatment of debarking
Authors & references
Authors:
Raimo Alén, University of Jyväskylä and Victoria Lindqvist, Forest Products Engineers have modified the text from the reference “Willför, S., Alén, R., van Dam, J., Liu, Z., Tähtinen, M. and Koskinen, K. 2011. Raw materials. In: Fardim, P. (Ed.). Chemical Pulping Part 1, Fibre Chemistry and Technology. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 16−186”. More literature references can also be found in this chapter.
References:
- Willför, S., Alén, R., van Dam, J., Liu, Z., Tähtinen, M. and Koskinen, K. 2011. Raw materials. In: Fardim, P. (Ed.). Chemical Pulping Part 1, Fibre Chemistry and Technology. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 16−186.
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This page has been updated 15.11.2020