Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents (DES)
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Chemimechanical pulping
- Mechanical pulping
- Pulp characterisation and properties
Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes SLE can be performed in both continuous and discontinuous (or batch) mode.1 Single-batch operation is the simplest mode of SLE. Immersion extraction in a stirred vessel or centrifugal extractor is one example of such a process. Another example is percolation extraction in a vessel with a filtering
Authors & references
Authors:
Hanna Brännström and Eelis Halmemies, Luke (Natural Resources Institute Finland)
References:
- Pfennig, A., Delinski, D., Johannisbauer, W. and Josten, H. 2011. Extraction technology. In: Bart, H. and Pilz, S. (Eds.). Industrial Scale Natural Products Extraction. Wiley‐VCH Verlag, Weinheim, Germany. Pp.181–220.
- Berk, Z. 2018. Food Process Engineering and Technology. Academic Press, London, UK.
- Yasri, A., Nabouls, I., Aboulmouhajir, A., Kouisni, L. and Bekkaoui, F. 2018. Plants extracts and secondary metabolites, their extraction methods and use in agriculture for controlling crop stresses and improving productivity: a review. Academia Journal of Medicinal Plants 6(8):223–240.
- Royer, M., Houde, R., Viano, Y. and Stevanovic, T. 2012. Non-wood forest products based on extractives − a new opportunity for the Canadian forest industry. Part 1: hardwood forest species. Journal of Food Research 1(3):8–45.
- Chemat, F., Vian, M. A. and Cravotto, G. 2012. Green extraction of natural products: concept and principles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13(7):8615–8627.
- Rombaut, N., Tixier, A., Bily A. and Chemat, F. 2014. Green extraction processes of natural products as tools for biorefinery. Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining 8(4):530–544.
- Esclapez, M., García-Pérez, J. V., Mulet, A. and Cárcel, J. 2011. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural products. Food Engineering Reviews 3(2):108−120.
- Selvamuthukumaran, M. and Shi, J. 2017. Recent advances in extraction of antioxidants from plant by-products processing industries. Food Quality and Safety 1(1):61–81.
- Plaza, M. and Turner, C. 2015. Pressurized hot water extraction of bioactives. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 71:39–54.
- Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A., Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixier, A. and Abert-Vian, M. 2017. Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 34:540–560.
- Destandau, E., Michel, T. and Elfakir, C. 2013. Microwave-assisted extraction. In: Rostagno, M. A. and Prado, J. M. (Eds.). Natural Product Extraction: Principles and Applications. Royal Society of Chemistry Cambridge, UK. Pp. 113–156.
- Mustafa, A. and Turner, C. 2011. Pressurized liquid extraction as a green approach in food and herbal plants extraction: a review. Analytica Chimica Acta 703(1):8–18.
- Herrero, M., Cifuentes, A. and Ibañez, E. 2006. Sub-and supercritical fluid extraction of functional ingredients from different natural sources: plants, food-by-products, algae and microalgae: a review. Food Chemistry 98(1):136–148.
- Co, M. and Turner, C. 2012. Pressurized fluid extraction and analysis of bioactive compounds in birch bark. In: Carrier, J., Ramaswamy, S. and Bergeron, C. (Eds.). Wiley Series in Renewable Resource: Biorefinery Co-products: Phytochemicals, Primary Metabolites and Value-added Biomass Processing Carrier. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA. Pp. 259–285.
- Vinatoru, M., Mason, T. and Calinescu, I. 2017. Ultrasonically assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of functional compounds from plant materials. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 97:159–178.
- Njila, M. N., Mahdi, E., Massoma-Lembe, D., Zacharie, N. and Nyonseu, D. 2017. Review on extraction and isolation of plant secondary metabolites. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Agricultural, Chemical, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- De Monte, C., Carradori, S., Granese, A., Di Pierro, G. B., Leonardo, C. and De Nunzio, C. 2014. Modern extraction techniques and their impact on the pharmacological profile of serenoa repens extracts for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms. BMC Urology 14(1):63.
- Tura, D. and Robards, K. 2002. Sample handling strategies for the determination of biophenols in food and plants. Journal of Chromatography A 975(1):71–93.
- Naima, R., Oumam, M., Hannache, H., Sesbou, A., Charrier, B., Pizzi, A. and Charrier-El Bouhtoury, F. 2015. Comparison of the impact of different extraction methods on polyphenols yields and tannins extracted from moroccan acacia mollissima barks. Industrial Crops and Products 70:245–252.
- Seidel, V. 2012. Initial and bulk extraction of natural products isolation. In: Sarker, S. and Nahar, L. (Eds.). Natural Products Isolation. Methods in Molecular Biology (Methods and Protocols). Vol 864. Humana Press. Totowa, NJ, USA. Pp. 27–41.
- Zhang, Q., Lin, L. and Ye, W. 2018. Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review. Chinese Medicine 13(1):20.
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Exercises
This page has been updated 15.11.2020