Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents (DES)
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Mechanical pulping
Authors & references
Authors:
Raimo Alén, University of Jyväskylä and Victoria Lindqvist, Forest Products Engineers have modified the text from the reference “Chirat, C., Hostachy, C.-J., Paloniemi, J., Pelin, K., Pohjanvesi, S., Nordén, S., Vesala, R. and Wennerström, M. 2011. In: Fardim, P. (Ed.). Chemical Pulping Part 1, Fibre Chemistry and Technology. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 460−599”. More literature references can also be found in this chapter.
References:
1. Chirat, C., Hostachy, C.-J., Paloniemi, J., Pelin, K., Pohjanvesi, S., Nordén, S., Vesala, R. and Wennerström, M. 2011. In: Fardim, P. (Ed.). Chemical Pulping Part 1, Fibre Chemistry and Technology. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 460−599.