Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents (DES)
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Chemimechanical pulping
- Mechanical pulping
- Pulp characterisation and properties
Authors & references
Authors:
Raimo Alén, University of Jyväskylä and Victoria Lindqvist, Forest Products Engineers have condensed and modified the text mainly from the references “Gustafsson, J., Alén, R., Engström, J., Korpinen, R., Kuusisto, P., Leavitt, A, Olsson, K., Piira, J., Samuelsson, A. and Sundquist, J. 2011. Pulping. In: Fardim, P. (Ed.). Chemical Pulping Part 1, Fibre Chemistry and Technology. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 187−381” and “Maroccia, B., Prough, J. R., Engström, J. and Gullichsen, J. 1999. In: Gullichsen, J. and Fogelholm, C.-J. (Eds.). Chemical Pulping, Book 6A. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. A512−A570”. More literature references can also be found in these chapters.
References:
1. Gustafsson, J., Alén, R., Engström, J., Korpinen, R., Kuusisto, P., Leavitt, A, Olsson, K., Piira, J., Samuelsson, A. and Sundquist, J. 2011. Pulping. In: Fardim, P. (Ed.). Chemical Pulping Part 1, Fibre Chemistry and Technology. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 187−381.
2. Virkola, N.-E., Pikka, O. and Keitaanniemi, O. 1983. Sulfaattisellun valmistus. In: Virkola, N.-E. (Ed.). Puumassan valmistus. Suomen Paperi-insinöörien Yhdistyksen oppi- ja käsikirja II, osa 1. Teknillisten Tieteiden Akatemia, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 291–410.
3. Ingruber, O. V. 1989. Alkaline digester systems. In: Grace, T. M., Leopold, B., Malcolm, E. W. and Kocurek, M. J. (Eds.). Pulp and Paper Manufacture, Volume 5, Alkaline Pulping. 3rd edition. The Joint Textbook Committee of the Paper Industry, TAPPI&CPPA, USA and Canada. Pp. 140−180.