Kraft pulping

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Kraft pulping The term “pulping” refers to different processes by which the timber resources (i.e., pulpwood) or other fibrous natural feedstocks are converted into a product mass with liberated fibres.1-11 These thermal conversions can be accomplished according to a broad classification either chemically (i.e., by means of chemicals) or mechanically (i.e., by means of refining)

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Authors & references

Author:

Raimo Alén, University of Jyväskylä

References:

Rydholm, S. 1965. Pulping Processes. Interscience Publishers, New York, NY, USA. 1269 p.
Grace, T. M., Leopold, B., Malcolm, E. W. and Kocurek, M. J. (Eds.). 1989. Pulp and Paper Manufacture, Volume 5, Alkaline Pulping. 3^rd edition. The Joint Textbook Committee of the Paper Industry, TAPPI&CPPA, USA and Canada. 637 p.
Sjöström, E. 1993. Wood Chemistry − Fundamentals and Applications. 2^nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. 293 p.
Biermann, C. J. 1996. Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking. 2^nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. 754 p.
Alén, R. 2000. Basic chemistry of wood delignification. In: Stenius, P. (Ed.). Forest Products Chemistry. Fapet, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 58−104.
Sixta, H. (Ed.). 2006. Handbook of Pulp. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany. 1348 p.
Alén, R. 2011. Principles of biorefining. In: Alén, R. (Ed.). Biorefining of Forest Resources. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 55−114.
Fardim, P. (Ed.) 2011. Chemical Pulping Part 1, Fibre Chemistry and Technology. 2^nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. 748 p.
Alén, R. 2015. Pulp mills and wood-based biorefineries. In: Pandey, A., Höfer, R., Taherzadeh, M., Nampoothiri, K. M. and Larroche, C. (Eds.). Industrial Biorefineries & White Biotechnology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Pp. 91−126.
Smook, G. 2016. Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists. 4^th edition. Tappi Press Atlanta, GA, USA. 425 p.
Alén, R. 2018. Carbohydrate Chemistry – Fundamentals and Applications. World Scientific, Singapore. Pp. 472−496.
Kamm, B., Kamm, M., Gruber, P. R. and Kromus, S. 2006. Biorefinery systems − an overview. In: Kamm, B., Gruber, P. R. and Kamm, M. (Eds.). Biorefineries − Industrial Processes and Products, Volume 1. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany. Pp. 3−40.
Clements, L. D. and Van Dyne, D. L. 2006. The lignocellulosic biorefinery − a strategy for returning to a sustainable source of fuels and industrial organic chemicals. In: Kamm, B., Gruber, P. R. and Kamm, M. (Eds.). Biorefineries − Industrial Processes and Products, Volume 1. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany. Pp. 115−128.
Katzen, R. and Schell, D. J. 2006. Lignocellulosic feedstock biorefinery: history and plant development for biomass hydrolysis. In: Kamm, B., Gruber, P. R. and Kamm, M. (Eds.). Biorefineries − Industrial Processes and Products, Volume 1. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany. Pp. 129−138.
Koukoulas, A. A. 2007. Cellulosic biorefineries − charting a new course for wood use. Pulp & Paper Canada 108(6):17−19.
Clark, J. H. and Deswarte, E. I. 2008. The biorefinery concept − an integrated approach. In: Clark, J. H. and Deswarte, E. I. (Eds.). Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA. Pp. 1−20.
Cherubini, F. 2010. The biorefinery concept: using biomass instead of oil for producing energy and chemicals. Energy Conversion and Management 51(7):1412−1421.
Alén, R. 2018. Manufacturing cellulose fibres for making paper: a historical perspective. In: Särkkä, T., Gutiérrez-Poch, M. and Kuhlberg, M. (Eds.). Technological Transformation in the Global Pulp and Paper Industry 1800-2018. Springer Nature Switzerland. Pp. 13−34.
Harstela, P. 1998. Timber procurement. In: Kellomäki, S. (Ed.), Forest Resources and Sustainable Management. Fapet, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 311−362.
Hamaguchi, M., Cardoso, M. and Vakkilainen, E. 2012. Alternative technologies for biofuels production in kraft pulp mills − potential and prospects. Energies 5:2288−2309.
Acharys, B., Sule, I. and Dutta, A. 2012. A review on advances of torrefaction technologies for biomass processing. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinary 2:349−369.
Perkins, J. K. and Cowan, B. 1989. In: Grace, T. M., Leopold, B., Malcolm, E. W. and Kocurek, M. J. (Eds.). Pulp and Paper Manufacture, Volume 5, Alkaline Pulping. 3^rd edition. The Joint Textbook Committee of the Paper Industry, TAPPI&CPPA, USA and Canada. Pp. 241−278.

This page has been updated 15.11.2020

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