Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents (DES)
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Chemimechanical pulping
- Mechanical pulping
- Pulp characterisation and properties
Integrated biorefineries Biorefineries are defined as facilities designed for processing biobased feedstocks into value-added products showing potential for replacing fuels, polymers, commodity chemicals and other products currently manufactured from fossil resources, such as from oil.1-3 The main aim of the biorefinery concept is to create a cost-effective and sustainable way for reducing the reliance on
Authors & references
Author:
Joni Lehto, VTT
References:
- Christopher, L. (Ed.). 2012. Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Challenges and Opportunities. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom. 323 p.
- Alén, R. (Ed.). 2011. Biorefining of Forest Resources. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. 381 p.
- Kamm, B., Gruber, P. R. and Kamm, M. 2005. Biorefineries − Industrial Processes and Products: Status Quo and Future Directions. Wiley‐VCH, Weinheim, Germany. 497 p.
- Ajao, O., Marinova, M., Savadogo, O. and Paris, J. 2018. Hemicellulose based integrated forest biorefineries: implementation strategies. Industrial Crops and Products 126(12):250−260.
- Liu, S., Abrahamson, L. P. and Scott, G. M. 2012. Biorefinery: ensuring biomass as a sustainable renewable source of chemicals, materials and energy. Biomass and Bioenergy 39(4):1−4.
- Herrick, F. W. and Hegert, H. L. 1977. Utilization of chemicals from wood: retrospect and prospect. In: Loewus, F. A. and Runecles, V. C. (Eds.). The Structure, Biosynthesis, and Degradation of Wood, Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, Vol. 11. Plenium Press, New York, NY, USA. Pp. 443−515.
- Huang, F. and Ragauskas, A. 2013. Integration of hemicellulose pre-extraction in the bleach-grade pulp production process. Tappi Journal 12(10):55−61.
- Huang, H.-J., Ramaswamy, S., Al-Dajani, W. W. and Tschirner, U. 2010. Process modeling and analysis of pulp mill-based integrated biorefinery with hemicellulose pre-extraction for ethanol production: a comparative study. Bioresource Technology 101(2):624–631.
- Cherubini, F. 2010. The biorefinery concept: using biomass instead of oil for producing energy and chemicals. Energy Conversion and Management 51(7):1412−1421.
- Benali, M., Périn-Levasseur, Z., Savulescu, L., Kouisni, L., Jemaa, N., Kudra, T. and Paleologou, M. 2014. Implementation of lignin-based biorefinery into a Canadian softwood kraft pulp mill: optimal resources integration and economic viability assessment. Biomass and Bioenergy 67(8):473−482.
- Leskelä, M., Kokko, A. and Suurnäkki, A. 2014. FuBio programs: building a bridge from pulp mills to new businesses and new markets using cellulose and lignin. Conference Proceedings of NWBC 2014, Nordic Wood and Biorefinery Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, 25.-27.3.2014. Pp. 57−61.
- Liu, S., Lu, H., Hu, R., Shupe, A., Lin, L. and Liang, B. 2012. A sustainable woody biomass biorefinery. Biotechnology Advances 30(4):785−810.
- Martin-Sampedro, R., Eugenio, M. E., Moreno, J. A., Revilla, E. and Villar, J. C. 2014. Integration of a kraft pulping mill into a forest biorefinery: pre-extraction of hemicellulose by steam explosion versus steam treatment. Bioresource Technology 153(2):236−244.
- Mendes, C. V. T., Carvalho, M. G. V. S., Baptista, C. M. S. G., Rocha, J. M. S., Soares, B. I. G. and Sousa, G. D. A. 2009. Valorisation of hardwood hemicelluloses in the kraft pulping process by using an integrated biorefinery concept. Food and Bioproducts Processing 87(3):197−207.
- Moshkelani, M., Marinova, M., Perrier, M. and Paris, J. 2013. The forest biorefinery and its implementation in the pulp and paper industry: energy overview. Applied Thermal Engineering 50(2):1427−1436.
- Ragauskas, A. J., Nagy, M. and Kim, D. H. 2006. From wood to fuels − Integrating biofuels and pulp production. Industrial Biotechnology 2(1):55−65.
- Sanglard, M., Chirat, C., Jarman, B. and Lachenal, D. 2013. Biorefinery in a pulp mill: simultaneous production of cellulosic fibers from Eucalyptus globulus by soda-anthraquinone cooking and surface-active agents. Holzforschung 67(5):481−488.
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This page has been updated 15.11.2020