Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Chemimechanical pulping
- Mechanical pulping
- Pulp characterisation and properties
Mechanical pulps Mechanical pulps (refiner pulps and groundwood pulps) typically have high yields, normally 97.5–98.5 % (chemithermomechanical pulps typically about 90 %) from Norway spruce, whereas the yield of chemical pulps is 45–55 %. This simply means that more paper can be produced from a certain quantity of wood (i.e., the cost of wood raw
Authors & references
Authors:
Raimo Alén, University of Jyväskylä and Victoria Lindqvist, Forest Products Engineers have modified the text mainly from the reference “Sundholm, J. and Lönnberg, B. 2009. Idea of mechanical pulping. In: Lönnberg, B. (Ed.). Mechanical Pulping. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 17−22”. More detailed information can be obtained from the reference “Heinemann, S. and Vehniäinen, A. 2009. The character and properties of mechanical pulps. In: Lönnberg, B. (Ed.). Mechanical Pulping. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 456−514”.
References:
- Sundholm, J. and Lönnberg, B. 2009. Idea of mechanical pulping. In: Lönnberg, B. (Ed.). Mechanical Pulping. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 17−22.
- Sundholm, J. 1999. What is mechanical pulping? In: Sundholm, J. (Ed.). Mechanical Pulping. 1st edition. Fapet, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. ??−??.
- Heinemann, S. and Vehniäinen, A. 2009. The character and properties of mechanical pulps. In: Lönnberg, B. (Ed.). Mechanical Pulping. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 456−514.
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This page has been updated 25.05.2021