Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents (DES)
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Chemimechanical pulping
- Mechanical pulping
- Pulp characterisation and properties
Sulphuric acid production out of CNCG The traditional way pulp mills have managed sulphur surplus has been by dumping recovery boiler fly ash. The ash consists mainly of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), meaning that, in addition to dumping sulphur, valuable sodium is lost. The lost sodium has to be made up by
Authors & references
Author:
Lauri Pehu-Lehtonen, ANDRITZ Oy
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This page has been updated 02.12.2020