Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Chemimechanical pulping
- Mechanical pulping
- Pulp characterisation and properties
Washing systems General approach The connection of two or more washing devices constitutes a system (see Washing technology).1 Using this definition, there are two washing systems in kraft pulping before the bleach plant: i) one directly after cooking and ii) the other directly after oxygen delignification. The bleach plant washing arrangement is not a system,
Authors & references
Authors:
Raimo Alén, University of Jyväskylä and Victoria Lindqvist, Forest Products Engineers have modified the text from the reference “Tervola, P., Andersson, R., Danielsson, M., Engelfeldt, A., Kiero, S., Olsson, K., Pikka, O., Samuelsson, A. and Siik. S. 2011. In: Fardim, P. (Ed.). Chemical Pulping Part 1, Fibre Chemistry and Technology. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 382−456”.
References:
- Tervola, P., Andersson, R., Danielsson, M., Engelfeldt, A., Kiero, S., Olsson, K., Pikka, O., Samuelsson, A. and Siik. S. 2011. In: Fardim, P. (Ed.). Chemical Pulping Part 1, Fibre Chemistry and Technology. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 382−456.
- Compton, R. 1997. Economic analysis of brown stock washing system. In: Proceedings of TAPPI Pulping Conference, San Francisco, USA. Pp. 257–272
- Tervola, P. 2006. Fourier series solution for multistage counter current cake washing and segregated wash effluent circulation. Chemical Engineering Science 61(10):3268–3277.
- Tervola, P., Henricson, K. and Gullichsen, J. 1993. A mathematical model of fractional pulp washing and applications in a bleach plant. In: Proceedings of 1993 TAPPI Pulping Conference, Atlanta, USA. Pp. 151–154.
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This page has been updated 11.05.2021