Anaerobic digestion In naturally occurring ecosystems, organic matter is decomposed by certain microorganisms under conditions ranging from oxygen-limiting to oxygen-free conditions into a methane(CH4)-rich gas.1,2 Industrial biogas generation by anaerobic digestion is today an interesting way of producing fuels from various wastes.3,4 The raw materials used in these commercial applications have traditionally been agricultural, animal
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Anaerobic digestion
After reading this article you will..
- be able to describe the process steps of anaerobic digestion and the possible use of the biogas formed
Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Chemimechanical pulping
- Mechanical pulping
- Pulp characterisation and properties
Authors & references
Author:
Raimo Alén, University of Jyväskylä
References:
1. Alén, R. 2011. Principles of biorefining. In: Alén, R. (Ed.). Biorefining of Forest Resources. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 55−114.
2. Alén, R. 2018. Carbohydrate Chemistry – Fundamentals and Applications. World Scientific, Singapore. Pp. 455−462.
3. Lehtomäki, A. 2006. Biogas Production from Energy Crops and Crop Residues. Doctoral Thesis, University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Jyväskylä, Finland. 91 p.
4. Rasi, S. 2009. Biogas Composition and Upgrading to Biomethane. Doctoral Thesis, University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Jyväskylä, Finland. 76 p.
5. Jönsson, O., Polman, E., Jensen, J. K., Eklund, R., Schyl, H. and Ivarsson, S. 2003. Sustainable Gas Enters the European Gas Distribution System. Danish Gas Technology Center (DGC), Hørsholm, Denmark.
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This page has been updated 06.05.2021
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