Alén, R. 2011. Principles of biorefining. In: Alén, R. (Ed.). Biorefining of Forest Resources. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 55−114.
Alén, R. 2018. Carbohydrate Chemistry – Fundamentals and Applications. World Scientific, Singapore. Pp. 280−341.
Vertès, A. A., Qureshi, N., Blaschek, H. P. and Yukawa, H. (Eds.). 2010. Biomass to Biofuels – Strategies for Global Industries. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA. 559 p.
Arshadi, M. and Sellstedt, A. 2008. Production of energy from biomass. In: Clark, J. H. and Deswarte, F. E. I. (Eds.). Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA. Pp. 143−178.
Herrick, F. W. and Hergert, H. L. 1977. Utilization of chemicals from wood: retrospect and prospect. In: Loewus, F. A. and Runecles, V. C. (Eds.). The Structure, Biosynthesis, and Degradation of Wood, Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, Volume 11. Plenium Press, New York, NY, USA. Pp. 443−515.
Goldstein, I. S. (Ed.). 1981. Organic Chemicals from Biomass. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. 310 p.
Sinsky, A, J. 1983. Organic chemicals from biomass: an overview. In: Wise, D. L. (Ed.). Organic Chemicals from Biomass. The Benjamin/Cummins Publishing Company, London, England. Pp. 1−67.
Alén, R. 1990. Conversion of cellulose-containing materials into useful products. In: Kennedy, J. F., Phillips, G. O. and Williams, P. A. (Eds.). Cellulose Sources and Exploitation − Industrial Utilization, Biotechnology, and Physico-Chemical Properties. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England. Pp. 453−464.
Ragauskas, A, J., Williams, C. K., Davison, B. H., Britovsek, G., Cairney, J., Eckert, C. A., Frederick, W. J. Jr, Hallett, J. P., Leak, D. J., Liotta, C. L., Mielenz, J. R., Murphy, R., Templer, R. and Tschaplinski, T. 2006. The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials. Science 311:484−489.
Kamm, B., Kamm, M., Gruber, P. R. and Kromus, S. 2006. Biorefinery systems − an overview. In: Kamm, B., Gruber, P. R. and Kamm, M. (Eds.). Biorefineries − Industrial Processes and Products, Volume 1. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany. Pp. 3−40.
Dale, B.E. and Kim, S. 2006. Biomass refining global impact − the biobased economy of the 21st century. In: Kamm, B., Gruber, P. R. and Kamm, M. (Eds.). Biorefineries − Industrial Processes and Products, Volume 1. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany. Pp. 41−66.
Clements, L. D. and Van Dyne, D. L. 2006. The lignocellulosic biorefinery − a strategy for returning to a sustainable source of fuels and industrial organic chemicals. In: Kamm, B., Gruber, P. R. and Kamm, M. (Eds.). Biorefineries − Industrial Processes and Products, Volume 1. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany. Pp. 115−128.
Clark, J. H. and Deswarte, E. I. 2008. The biorefinery concept — An integrated approach, in Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA. Pp. 1−20.
Ragauskas A. (Ed.). 2013. Materials for Biofuels. World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore. 380 p.
Fagernäs, L., Johansson, A., Wilén, C., Sipilä, K., Mäkinen, T., Helynen, S., Daugherty, E., den Uil, H., Vehlow, J., Kåberger, T. and Rogulska, M. 2006. Bioenergy in Europe − Opportunities and Barriers, VTT Research Notes 2 352. Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland. 118 p.
Anon. 2006. Biofuels in the European Union − A Vision for 2030 and Beyond, Final Report of the Biofuels Research Advisory Council. European Communities, Luxembourg, Belgium. 33 p.
Alén, R. 2015. Pulp mills and wood-based biorefineries. In: Pandey, A., Höfer, R., Taherzadeh, M., Nampoothiri, K. M. and Larroche, C. (Eds.). Industrial Biorefineries & White Biotechnology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Pp. 91−126.
Goldstein, I. S. 1981. Composition of biomass. In: Goldstein, I. S. (Ed.). Organic Chemicals from Biomass. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. Pp. 9−18.
Piskorz, J. 2002. Fundamentals, mechanisms and science of pyrolysis. In: Bridgwater, A. V. (Ed.). Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Handbook, Volume 2. CPL Press, Newbury, England. Pp. 103−125.
Murwanashyaka, J. N., Pakdel, H. and Roy, C. 2002. Fractional vacuum pyrolysis of biomass and separation of phenolic compounds by steam distillation. In: Bridgwater, A. V. (Ed.). Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Handbook, Volume 2. CPL Press, Newbury, England. Pp. 407−418.
Cao, N., Darmstadt, H. and Roy, C. 2001. Activated carbon produced from charcoal obtained by vacuum pyrolysis of softwood bark residues. Energy & Fuels 15:1263−1269.
Hemingway, R. W. 19821. Bark: its chemistry and prospects for chemical utilization. In: Goldstein, I. S. (Ed.). Organic Chemicals from Biomass. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. Pp. 189−248.
Qureshi, N., Saha, B. C. and Cotta, M. A. 2007. Butanol production from wheat straw hydrolysate using Clostridium beijerinckii. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 30:419−427.
Qureshi, N. and Blaschek, H. P. 2010. Clostridia and process engineering for energy generation. In: Vertès, A. A., Qureshi, N., Blaschek, H. P. and Yukawa, H. (Eds.). Biomass to Biofuels – Strategies for Global Industries. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA. Pp. 347−358.
Worden, R. M., Grethlein, A. J., Jain, M. K. and Datta, R. 1991. Production of butanol and ethanol from synthesis gas via fermentation. Fuel 70:615−619.
Lee, S. Y., Hubbe, M. A. and Saka, S. 2006. Prospects for biodiesel as a byproduct of wood pulping − a review. BioResourses 1(1):150−171.
Maher, K. D. and Bressler, D. C. 2007. Pyrolysis of triglyceride materials for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. Bioresearch Technology 98:2351−2368.
Lappi, H. and Alén, R. 2009. Production of vegetable oil-based biofuels − thermochemical behaviour of fatty acid sodium salts during pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 86: 274−280.
Lappi, H. 2012. Production of Hydrocarbon-rich Biofuels from Extractives-derived Materials. Doctoral Thesis. University of Jyväskylä, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Jyväskylä, Finland. 111 p.
Arpiainen, V. 2001. Production of Light Fuel Oil from Tall Oil Soap Liquids by Fast Pyrolysis Techniques. Licentiateʼs Thesis. University of Jyväskylä, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Jyväskylä, Finland. 51 p. (in Finnish).
Yusuf, C. 2007. Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnology Advances 25:294−306.
Ruohonen, L. and Tamminen, T. 2009. Microbes and algae for biodiesel production – microfuel. In: BioRefine Programme 2007−2012, Yearbook 2009. Mäkinen, T. and Alakangas, E. (Eds.). Tekes, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 13−28.
Huesemann, M., Roesjadi, G., Benemann, J. and Blaine Metting, F. 2010. Biofuels from microalgae and seaweeds. In: Vertès, A. A., Qureshi, N., Blaschek, H. P. and Yukawa, H. (Eds.). Biomass to Biofuels – Strategies for Global Industries. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA. Pp. 165−184.