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- Introduction to forest-based bioeconomy
- Wood products
- Natural fibre products
- Man-made bio-based fibre products
- Bio-based nanomaterials
- Recycled fibre
- Pulping and biorefining
- Energy and biofuels
- Biomass chemistry and physiology
- Material testing and product properties
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Pulping process-general approach
After reading this article you will..
- be able to name the active inorganic components in white liquor
- be able to give definitions for and calculate the following white liquor terms: active alkali, effective alkali, sulphidity, liquor-to-wood ratio and alkali charge
- be able to name the most common dead-load chemicals in white liquor and identify their source
Pulping and biorefining
- General approach and principles
- Extraction-based methods
- Separation of valuable extractives from trees
- Choosing the right solvent – hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- Stemwood extractives-based products
- Operation modes and procedures in industrial extraction processes
- Exudate gums and latexes
- Hot-water extraction
- Wood extractives – general description
- Factors contributing to the loss of extractives
- Chemical changes in extractives during storage
- Bark extractives – terpenes and terpenoids
- Bark extractives – polyphenols and other minor compounds
- Use of deep eutectic solvents
- Chemical and biochemical conversion
- Thermochemical conversion
- Kraft pulping
- Wood material handling systems
- Pulping process-general approach
- Pulping technologies
- Drying of chemical pulps
- Chemical (market) pulps drying plant applications
- Recovery of cooking chemicals and by-products
- Integrated biorefinery concepts
- Oxygen-alkali delignification
- Delignifying or lignin-removing bleaching
- Other delignification methods
- Chemimechanical pulping
- Mechanical pulping
- Pulp characterisation and properties
Authors & references
Author:
Raimo Alén, University of Jyväskylä
References:
- Kleppe, P. J. 1970. Kraft pulping. Tappi 53(1):35−47.
- Grace, T. M., Leopold, B., Malcolm, E. W. and Kocurek, M. J. (Eds.). 1989. Pulp and Paper Manufacture, Volume 5, Alkaline Pulping. 3rd edition. The Joint Textbook Committee of the Paper Industry, TAPPI&CPPA, USA and Canada. Pp. 23−44.
- Sjöström, E. 1993. Wood Chemistry − Fundamentals and Applications. 2nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. Pp. 140−161.
- Alén, R. 2000. Basic chemistry of wood delignification. In: Stenius, P. (Ed.). Forest Products Chemistry. Fapet, Helsinki, Finland. Pp. 58−104.
- Mimms, A., Kocurek, M. J., Pyatte, J. A. and Wright, E. E. (Eds.). 1989. Kraft Pulping – A Compilation of Notes. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, USA. Pp. 55−76.
- Rydholm, S. 1965. Pulping Processes. Interscience Publishers, New York, NY, USA. P. 584.
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This page has been updated 10.05.2021