Seppo Kellomäki (Professor Emeritus, University of Eastern Finland) has modified and updated the text from the reference “Kellomäki, S. 2009. Trees, forests and forest ecosystems. In: Kellomäki, S. (Ed.). Forest Resources and Sustainable Management. 2nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. pp. 16-96”.
References:
Mohren, G. M. J. 1987. Simulation of Forest Growth Applied to Douglas Fir Stand in the Netherlands. Wageningen, the Netherlands. 184 p.
Ryan, M. G. 1995. Foliar maintenance respiration of subalpine and boreal trees and shrubs in relation to nitrogen content. Plant, Cell and Environment 18(7): 765–772.
Zha, T., Ryyppö, A., and Kellomäki, S. 2001. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on needle growth, respiration and carbohydrate status in field-grown Scots pines during the needle expansion period. Tree Physiology 21: 1279–1287.
