Forests and other biomass resources
- Introduction to biomass resources
- Trees, forest and forest ecosystems
- Global forest resources
- Structure and properties of wood and woody biomass
- Forest inventory and planning
- Management of forest ecosystems
- Forest production in ecological context
- Regeneration through natural seeding
- Regeneration through planting
- Genetic improvement of trees for forest plantations
- Management of growing and developing forest over time
- Spacing and thinning affecting availability of resources
- Thinning regimes and rules
- Management of sequestrate carbon and adaptation to climate change
- Management for improving timber quality
- Management of nutrient resources and site fertility
- Management of abiotic risks
- Management of biotic risks
- Characteristics of pest outbreaks
- Resistance mechanism of trees against herbivores and pathogens
- Induced defence
- Models explaining variation in chemical defence between plants
- Biological control in pest management
- Effects of forest management and structure on forest pests
- Climate change and forest damaged related to pests and herbivory
- Management of forests for sequetration carbon in carbon mitigating warming
- Carbon stocks in trees and soil
- Carbon balance in managed forests
- Carbon retentation in forest ecosystems and forest-based prodcution
- *Mitigating radiative forcing in forestry and forest-based production
- *Mitigating radiative forcing in management
- * Radiative forcing related to carbon in ecosystem
- * Impacts of replacing fossil fuels and fossil materials on radiative forcing
- Management for adaptation to climate change
- Timber procurement
- Timber assortments
- Harvest and timber transport
- Harvesting woody biomass for energy
- Opening forest areas for logging by consturcting roads
- Storing timber
- Organising and planning harvesting operations
- Harvesting in industrial plantations
- Damage to timber
- Environmental impacts of timber harvesting
- Timber trade
- Timber measurement
- Wood markets and cost of wood
- Global forest related policies and governance
* Radiative forcing related to carbon in ecosystem When the focus is only on the given site without and with tree stand, the change in radiative forcing (ΔRm, J m-2 d-1) is related the changes in carbon stocks due to reforestation 1: (1) where, C is the background
Authors & references
Authors:
Seppo Kellomäki, Pekka Niemelä, Heli Peltola, Veikko Koski and Pertti Pulkkinen
References:
- Kirschbaum, M. U. F., Whitehead, D., Dean, S.M.P., Beets, M., Shephard, J. D., and Ausseil, A.-G. 2011. Implications of albedo changes following afforestation on the benefits of forests as carbon sinks. Biogeosciences 8: 3687–3696.
- Rautiainen, M., Stenberg, P. Mõttus, M., and Manninen, T. 2011. Radiative forcing simulations link boreal forest structure and shortwave albedo. Boreal Environment Research 16: 91–100.
- Lukeš, P., Stenberg, P. and Rautiainen, M. 2013. Relationship between forest density and albedo in the boreal zone. Ecological Modelling 261–262: 74–79.
- Stendahl, J., Johansson, M.-B., Eriksson, E., Nilsson, Å., and Landvall, O. 2010. Soil organic carbon in Swedish spruce and pine forests–differences in stock levels and regional patterns. Silva Fennica 44(1): 5–21.
- Kellomäki, S., Strandman, H., Nuutinen, T., Peltola, H., Korhonen, K.T., and Väisänen, H. 2005. Adaptation of forest ecosystems, forests and forestry to climate change. FINADAPT Working Papers 4, Finnish Environmental Institute. Mimeographs 334: 1–44.
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This page has been updated 19.07.2022