Risks of wind damage

Authors & references

Authors:

Seppo Kellomäki, Pekka Niemelä, Heli Peltola, Veikko Koski and Pertti Pulkkinen

References:

1. Peltola, H., and Kellomäki, S. 1993. A mechanistic model to calculate windthrow and stem breakage of Scots pies at stand edge. Tiivistelmä: Malli mäntyihin tuulesta kohdistuvien murtavien ja kaatavien voimien laskemiseksi. Silva Fennica 27:99–111.
2. Peltola, H., Nykänen, M.-L., and Kellomäki, S. 1997. Model computations on the critical combination of snow loading and windspeed for snow damage of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch sp. at stand edge. Forest Ecology and Management 95:229–241.
3. Peltola, H. University of Eastern Finland, School of Forest Sciences. Unpublished data.
4. Peltola, H., Kellomäki, S., Väisänen, H., and Ikonen, V.-P. 1999. A mechanistic model for assessing the risk of wind and snow damage to single trees and stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29:647–661.
5. Zeng, H., Peltola, H., Talkkari, A., Strandman, H., Venäläinen, A., Wang, K., and Kellomäki, S. 2006. Simulations of the influence of clear-cuttings on the risk of wind damage on a regional scale over a 20-year period. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:2247–2258.
6. Zeng, H., Pukkala, T., Peltola, H., and Kellomäki, S. 2007. Application of ant colony optimization for the risk management of wind damage in forest planning. Silva Fennica 41(2): 315–332.