Market based and oriented actors and processes World Bank and strategic forest financing During the 1980s, concern over the fate of tropical forests grew and many large projects funded by the World Bank were seen as directly or indirectly contributing to tropical deforestation. The pressure from environmental organisations and public opinion led to a substantial
Welcome- Themes
- Introduction to forest-based bioeconomy
- Wood products
- Natural fibre products
- Man-made bio-based fibre products
- Bio-based nanomaterials
- Recycled fibre
- Pulping and biorefining
- Energy and biofuels
- Biomass chemistry and physiology
- Material testing and product properties
- Forests and other biomass resources
- Supply chain
- Process control and automation
- Asset management
- Business and investment planning
- Environmental control and management
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Market-based and -oriented actors and processes
Content
Forests and other biomass resources
- Introduction to biomass resources
- Trees, forest and forest ecosystems
- Global forest resources
- Structure and properties of wood and woody biomass
- Forest inventory and planning
- Management of forest ecosystems
- Forest production in ecological context
- Regeneration through natural seeding
- Regeneration through planting
- Genetic improvement of trees for forest plantations
- Management of growing and developing forest over time
- Spacing and thinning affecting availability of resources
- Thinning regimes and rules
- Management of sequestrate carbon and adaptation to climate change
- Management for improving timber quality
- Management of nutrient resources and site fertility
- Management of abiotic risks
- Management of biotic risks
- Characteristics of pest outbreaks
- Resistance mechanism of trees against herbivores and pathogens
- Induced defence
- Models explaining variation in chemical defence between plants
- Biological control in pest management
- Effects of forest management and structure on forest pests
- Climate change and forest damaged related to pests and herbivory
- Management of forests for sequetration carbon in carbon mitigating warming
- Carbon stocks in trees and soil
- Carbon balance in managed forests
- Carbon retentation in forest ecosystems and forest-based prodcution
- *Mitigating radiative forcing in forestry and forest-based production
- *Mitigating radiative forcing in management
- * Radiative forcing related to carbon in ecosystem
- * Impacts of replacing fossil fuels and fossil materials on radiative forcing
- Management for adaptation to climate change
- Timber procurement
- Timber assortments
- Harvest and timber transport
- Harvesting woody biomass for energy
- Opening forest areas for logging by consturcting roads
- Storing timber
- Organising and planning harvesting operations
- Harvesting in industrial plantations
- Damage to timber
- Environmental impacts of timber harvesting
- Timber trade
- Timber measurement
- Wood markets and cost of wood
- Global forest related policies and governance
Authors & references
Author:
Olli Saastamoinen
References:
- FAO. Strategic framework for forests and climate change. Rome. 44 p.
- United Nations’ Forum on Forests. Report of the seventh session (24 February 2006 and 16 to 27 April 2007). Economic and Social Council. Official records, 2997. Supplement No.22. United Nations. New York, 2007.
- Finnish Forest Industries Federation. http://www.forestindustries.fi/. Visited 12.2.2009.
- American Forest&Paper Association. http://www.afandpa.org/. Visited 12.2.2009.
- European Forest Institute. http://forestportal.efi.int/. Visited 12.2.2009.
- International Family Forestry Alliance. http://www.familyforestry.net/. Visited 12.2.2009.
- Association of Central American Community Agroforestry. http://en.acicafoc.org/. Visited 12.2.2009.
- Food and Acriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/sustainable-forest-management/. Visited 25.9.2019.
- Friends of The Earth International. http://www.foei.org. Visited 17.9.2008.
- Smith, D., and Quaranda, S. 2008. Environmental Non-government Organization (ENGO) Market-Based Forest Protection Campaigns in America Forestry Encyclopedia for Americas. http://wiki.safnet.org/index.php/Main_Page. Visited 12.2.2009.
- Special Report: EU illegal timber imports’, EU Forest Watch July/August 2001.
- Kummer, D. M. 1992. Deforestation in the postwar Philippines. Ateneo de Manila University Press. 178 p.
- Saastamoinen, O. 1996. Change and Continuity in the Philippine Forest Policy. In: Palo, M., and Mery, G. (Eds.) Sustainable Forestry Challenges for Developing Countries. Kluwer academic publishers. pp.121-139.
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This page has been updated 31.07.2022
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