Forests and other biomass resources
- Introduction to biomass resources
- Trees, forest and forest ecosystems
- Global forest resources
- Structure and properties of wood and woody biomass
- Forest inventory and planning
- Management of forest ecosystems
- Forest production in ecological context
- Regeneration through natural seeding
- Regeneration through planting
- Genetic improvement of trees for forest plantations
- Management of growing and developing forest over time
- Spacing and thinning affecting availability of resources
- Thinning regimes and rules
- Management of sequestrate carbon and adaptation to climate change
- Management for improving timber quality
- Management of nutrient resources and site fertility
- Management of abiotic risks
- Management of biotic risks
- Characteristics of pest outbreaks
- Resistance mechanism of trees against herbivores and pathogens
- Induced defence
- Models explaining variation in chemical defence between plants
- Biological control in pest management
- Effects of forest management and structure on forest pests
- Climate change and forest damaged related to pests and herbivory
- Management of forests for sequetration carbon in carbon mitigating warming
- Carbon stocks in trees and soil
- Carbon balance in managed forests
- Carbon retentation in forest ecosystems and forest-based prodcution
- *Mitigating radiative forcing in forestry and forest-based production
- *Mitigating radiative forcing in management
- * Radiative forcing related to carbon in ecosystem
- * Impacts of replacing fossil fuels and fossil materials on radiative forcing
- Management for adaptation to climate change
- Timber procurement
- Timber assortments
- Harvest and timber transport
- Harvesting woody biomass for energy
- Opening forest areas for logging by consturcting roads
- Storing timber
- Organising and planning harvesting operations
- Harvesting in industrial plantations
- Damage to timber
- Environmental impacts of timber harvesting
- Timber trade
- Timber measurement
- Wood markets and cost of wood
- Global forest related policies and governance
Detection of timber quality Timber or wood quality is generally defined as the technical suitability of the material for a specific end use 1. All deviations from normality are considered as timber or wood defects 2. The concept of normal wood includes the idea of an ideal material available for a specific end use, but
Authors & references
Authors:
Jari Lindblad, Antti Asikainen and Erkki Verkasalo
References:
- Granvik, B.-A. 1993. Puu- ja metsäteknologian peruskäsitteitä ja termejä. Osa 2: metsäteknologia [Basic concepts and terms of wood and forest technology. Part 2: Forest technology]. University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Resource Management, Publications 1, Helsinki, 1993, pp. 98-171. ISBN 951-45-6320-4. ISSN 1236-1313.
- Kärkkäinen, M. 1984. Puutavaran mittauksen perusteet [Principles of timber measurement]. Helsingin yliopiston monistuspalvelu, painatusjaos, Helsinki. 252 p. ISBN 951-99582-3-1.
- Maa- ja metsätalousministeriön asetus puutavaran mittauksen mittausmenetelmäryhmien ja mittausmenetelmien tarkemmasta sisällöstä sekä mittauslaitteiden käytöstä. Nro 12/13. 17.6.2013.
- Lindblad, J., and Hujo, S. 2006. Puutavaran tehdasmittaus menetelmittäin [Methods of timber measurement at the mill]. In: Kiviniemi, M. (ed.). Puukauppa-valmistelu, sopimus, puutavaran mittaus. Metsäkustannus Ltd., Helsinki, pp. 372-387. ISBN 952-5118-82-7.
- Björklund, L., and Julin, B. 1998. Värdeoptimerad sönderdelning av datortomograferade tallstammar. Summary: Value optimised cross-cutting and sawing of CT-scanned Scots pine stems. The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest-Industry-market Studies. Report No 48. 37 p. + App. ISSN 0284-379X. ISRN SLU-SIMS-R-48-SE.
- Oja, J., Grundberg, S., Fredriksson, J., and Berg, P. 2004. Automatic grading of sawlogs: A comparison between X-ray scanning, optical three-dimensional scanning and combinations of both methods. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 19: 89–95.
- Skog, J. 2013. Characterization of Sawlogs Using Industrial X-Ray and 3D Scanning. Doctoral Thesis. Luleå University of Technology, Division of Wood Science and Engineering. ISSN: 1402-1544. ISBN 978-91-7439-616-4.
- Wei, Q., Leblon, B., and La Rocque, A. 2011. On the use of X-ray computed tomography for determining wood properties: a review. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41: 2120-2140.
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This page has been updated 23.07.2022