Forests and other biomass resources
- Introduction to biomass resources
- Trees, forest and forest ecosystems
- Global forest resources
- Structure and properties of wood and woody biomass
- Forest inventory and planning
- Management of forest ecosystems
- Forest production in ecological context
- Regeneration through natural seeding
- Regeneration through planting
- Genetic improvement of trees for forest plantations
- Management of growing and developing forest over time
- Spacing and thinning affecting availability of resources
- Thinning regimes and rules
- Management of sequestrate carbon and adaptation to climate change
- Management for improving timber quality
- Management of nutrient resources and site fertility
- Management of abiotic risks
- Management of biotic risks
- Characteristics of pest outbreaks
- Resistance mechanism of trees against herbivores and pathogens
- Induced defence
- Models explaining variation in chemical defence between plants
- Biological control in pest management
- Effects of forest management and structure on forest pests
- Climate change and forest damaged related to pests and herbivory
- Management of forests for sequetration carbon in carbon mitigating warming
- Carbon stocks in trees and soil
- Carbon balance in managed forests
- Carbon retentation in forest ecosystems and forest-based prodcution
- *Mitigating radiative forcing in forestry and forest-based production
- *Mitigating radiative forcing in management
- * Radiative forcing related to carbon in ecosystem
- * Impacts of replacing fossil fuels and fossil materials on radiative forcing
- Management for adaptation to climate change
- Timber procurement
- Timber assortments
- Harvest and timber transport
- Harvesting woody biomass for energy
- Opening forest areas for logging by consturcting roads
- Storing timber
- Organising and planning harvesting operations
- Harvesting in industrial plantations
- Damage to timber
- Environmental impacts of timber harvesting
- Timber trade
- Timber measurement
- Wood markets and cost of wood
- Global forest related policies and governance
Logging machinery A variety of equipment and machinery is available for logging, ranging from basic tools and animal-drawn skidding equipment via intermediate technology such as farm tractors (Figure 1) and bulldozers to advanced special technology such as harvesters and sophisticated cableways. The concept of appropriate technology depends on the stage of development in a particular
Authors & references
Authors:
Pertti Harstela and Antti Asikainen
References:
- Jylhä, P.; Väätäinen, K.; Asikainen, A. 2007. Korjuri osaksi puunkorjuukalustoa. (Harwarder as a part of wood harvesting fleet) Julkaisussa: Kariniemi, A. (toim.). Kehittyvä puuhuolto 2007. 14.-15.2.2007, Jyväskylä. Seminaarijulkaisu. Helsinki, Finland. Metsäteho Oy, pp. 87-91. ISBN 978-951-673-198-1.
- Tienvieri, T. 1966. Mekaanisen massan vaatimukset puuraaka-aineelle ja hakkeelle, AEL/METSKO Seminaari 12.-13.11.1996. Tikkurila. p. 2-6. Metsateollisuuden Koulutuskeskus.
- Liiri, H.; Asikainen, A.; Lindblad, J.; Ala-Ilomäki, J.; Nuutinen, Y. 2004. Reducing of unwanted barking in single grip harvester cuttiing. In: NSR conference on forest operations 2004. Proceedings. Joensuu, Finland. Joensuu University. p. 280-284. Silva Carelica 45. ISBN 952-458-557-X.
- Dietz, P.; Knigge, W.; Loffler, H. 1984. Walderschliessung. Hamburg und Berlin. Verlag Paul Parey. 426 p.
- Samset, I. 1988. Winch and Cable Systems. Dortrecht, Boston, Lancaster. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publisher. 539 p. ISBN 90-247-3220-4.
- Holzleitner, F., Kastner, M., Stampfer, K., Höller, N. & Kanzian, S. Monitoring cable tensile forces of winch-assist harvester and forwarder operations in steep terrain. Forests 9, 0; doi:10.3390/f9010000, 13 p.
- Heinämäki, J. 1991. Kurottajatrukkien käytön optimointi puutavaraterminaaleilla. Summary: The optimum use of log stacking trucks at wood terminals. Helsinki, Finland. University of Helsinki, Department of Logging and Utilisation of Forest Products. 109 p. Tiedonantoja — Research Notes. Nro 54. ISBN 951-45-6012-4.
- Vanhanen, H.; Heikinheimo, L. 1983. Productivity in forestry and socio-economic change 1950-1981. Wien, Austria. United Nations. 10 p. TIM/EEC/WP. Nro 2/R58.
- Hakkila, P. 1995. Procurement of timber for the Finnish forest industries. The Finnish Forest Research Institute. 46 p. Research Papers 557. ISBN 951-40-1433-2.
- Ollonqvist, P. 2006. Ammattihenkilöstön työpanos puunkorjuussa ja metsänhoitotöissä 1995-2005. Metsätilastollinen vuosikirja 2006. Metsäntutkimuslaitos. s. 234. ISBN 951-40-2020-0.
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This page has been updated 19.07.2022