Forests and other biomass resources
- Introduction to biomass resources
- Trees, forest and forest ecosystems
- Global forest resources
- Structure and properties of wood and woody biomass
- Forest inventory and planning
- Management of forest ecosystems
- Forest production in ecological context
- Regeneration through natural seeding
- Regeneration through planting
- Genetic improvement of trees for forest plantations
- Management of growing and developing forest over time
- Spacing and thinning affecting availability of resources
- Thinning regimes and rules
- Management of sequestrate carbon and adaptation to climate change
- Management for improving timber quality
- Management of nutrient resources and site fertility
- Management of abiotic risks
- Management of biotic risks
- Characteristics of pest outbreaks
- Resistance mechanism of trees against herbivores and pathogens
- Induced defence
- Models explaining variation in chemical defence between plants
- Biological control in pest management
- Effects of forest management and structure on forest pests
- Climate change and forest damaged related to pests and herbivory
- Management of forests for sequetration carbon in carbon mitigating warming
- Carbon stocks in trees and soil
- Carbon balance in managed forests
- Carbon retentation in forest ecosystems and forest-based prodcution
- *Mitigating radiative forcing in forestry and forest-based production
- *Mitigating radiative forcing in management
- * Radiative forcing related to carbon in ecosystem
- * Impacts of replacing fossil fuels and fossil materials on radiative forcing
- Management for adaptation to climate change
- Timber procurement
- Timber assortments
- Harvest and timber transport
- Harvesting woody biomass for energy
- Opening forest areas for logging by consturcting roads
- Storing timber
- Organising and planning harvesting operations
- Harvesting in industrial plantations
- Damage to timber
- Environmental impacts of timber harvesting
- Timber trade
- Timber measurement
- Wood markets and cost of wood
- Global forest related policies and governance
Environmental change and risks for forests Disturbances such as fire, insect pests, diseases and severe weather episodes degrade forest resources and growth, thus inducing excess mortality of trees. Mortality of trees is a natural process, but very high mortality rates or unexpected changes in tree mortality may indicate likely health problems. The health of European
Authors & references
Authors:
Seppo Kellomäki, Timo Karjalainen and Antti Marjokorpi
References:
- Lindner, M., Maroschek, M., Netherer, S., Kremer., A, Barbati, A., Garcia-Gonzalo, J., Seidl, R., Delzon, S., Corona, P., Kolström, M., Lexer, M., and Marchetti, M. 2010. Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability of European forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management 259: 698–709
- Bentz, B.J., Régniére, J., Fettig, J., Christopher, J., Hansen, E., M., Hayes, J., L., Hicke, J., A., Kelsey, R.,G., Negron, J., F., and Seybold, S. J. 2010. Climate change and bark beetles of the Western United States and Canada: Direct and indirect effects. BioScience 60: 602 – 613.
- Karjalainen, T., Kellomäki, S., and Marjokorpi, A. Global forest resources. In: Kellomäki S. (ed.) Forest resources and sustainable management. Second Edition. Book 2 in Papermaking Science and Technology. Paper engineers’ Association/Paper ja Puu Oy. Jyväskylä. 98–132 p.
- Pan, Y., Birdsey ,R. A., Phillips, O.L., and Jackson, R. B. 2013. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 44: 593–622.
- Keenan, R. J., Reams G., Achard, F., de Freitas, J. V., Grainger, A., and Lindquist,E. 2015. Dynamics of global forest areas: results from FAO forest resources assessment 2015. Forest Ecology and Management 352: 9–20.
- FAO. 2016. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. How are the world’s forests changing? Second edition. Rome. 44 p.
- van Lierop, P., Lindquist, E., Sathyapala, S., and Franceschini, G. 2015. Global forest area disturbance from fire, insect pests, diseases and severe weather events. Forest Ecology and Management 352: 78–88.
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This page has been updated 04.07.2022