Cell walls and woody cells

Authors & references

Author:

Erkki Verkasalo (Research Professor, LUKE) has modified and updated the text from the reference “Hakkila, P and Verkasalo, E. 2009.  Structure and properties of wood and woody biomass. In: Kellomäki, S. (Ed.). Forest Resources and Sustainable Management. 2^nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. pp.  133-215”. 

References:

1. Panshin, A. J., de Zeeuw, C. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 62, 105, 107, 163, 243. ISBN 0-07-048441-4.
2. Donaldson, L. 2008. Microfibril angle: measurement, variation and relationships – a review. IAWA Journal 29(4): 345–386. ISSN 0928-1541.
3. Kollmann, F. F. P., Cote, W. A., Jr. 1968. Principles of wood science. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, pp. 18–64, 160–172. ISBN 999-14-6810-2.
4. Shmulski, R., Haygreen, J. G., Bowyer, J. L. 2007. Forest products and wood science. An introduction. 5^th revised edition The Iowa State University Press, Ames. 576 p. ISBN 0-813-82036-7.
5. Cote, W. A., Jr. 1967. Wood ultrastructure. An atlas of electron micrographs, University of Washington Press, Seattle. 62 p. ISBN 951-22-7268-7.
6. Ilvessalo-Pfäffli, M.-S. 1995. Fiber Atlas. Identification of papermaking fibers, Springer Series in Wood Science, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, pp. 15, 18, 22, 28. ISBN 3-540-553924. ISBN 9-783-54055-3922.
7. Isenberg, I. H. 1975. The structure of wood. In: Browning, B. L. (ed.). The chemistry of wood. R. E. Krieger Publishing Company, Huntington, N.Y. Reprint of the edition published by Interscience Publishers, New York, 1963, pp. 7–55. ISBN 0-882-75245-6.
8. Wagenführ, R. 1996. Holzatlas. Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, pp. 453–459. ISBN 3-446-00900-0.