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- Introduction to forest-based bioeconomy
- Wood products
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- Pulping and biorefining
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Thinning regimes and rules
Forests and other biomass resources
- Introduction to biomass resources
- Trees, forest and forest ecosystems
- Global forest resources
- Structure and properties of wood and woody biomass
- Forest inventory and planning
- Management of forest ecosystems
- Forest production in ecological context
- Regeneration through natural seeding
- Regeneration through planting
- Genetic improvement of trees for forest plantations
- Management of growing and developing forest over time
- Spacing and thinning affecting availability of resources
- Thinning regimes and rules
- Management of sequestrate carbon and adaptation to climate change
- Management for improving timber quality
- Management of nutrient resources and site fertility
- Management of abiotic risks
- Management of biotic risks
- Characteristics of pest outbreaks
- Resistance mechanism of trees against herbivores and pathogens
- Induced defence
- Models explaining variation in chemical defence between plants
- Biological control in pest management
- Effects of forest management and structure on forest pests
- Climate change and forest damaged related to pests and herbivory
- Management of forests for sequetration carbon in carbon mitigating warming
- Carbon stocks in trees and soil
- Carbon balance in managed forests
- Carbon retentation in forest ecosystems and forest-based prodcution
- *Mitigating radiative forcing in forestry and forest-based production
- *Mitigating radiative forcing in management
- * Radiative forcing related to carbon in ecosystem
- * Impacts of replacing fossil fuels and fossil materials on radiative forcing
- Management for adaptation to climate change
- Timber procurement
- Timber assortments
- Harvest and timber transport
- Harvesting woody biomass for energy
- Opening forest areas for logging by consturcting roads
- Storing timber
- Organising and planning harvesting operations
- Harvesting in industrial plantations
- Damage to timber
- Environmental impacts of timber harvesting
- Timber trade
- Timber measurement
- Wood markets and cost of wood
- Global forest related policies and governance
Authors & references
Authors:
Seppo Kellomäki, Pekka Niemelä, Heli Peltola, Veikko Koski and Pertti Pulkkinen
References:
- Vuokila, Y. 1987. Metsänkasvatuksen perusteet ja menetelmät. WSOY. Porvoo. p. 258.
- Kellomäki, S., Strandman, H., and Peltola, H. 2019. Effects of even-aged and uneven-aged management on carbon dynamics and timber yield in boreal Norway spruce stands: A forest ecosystem model approach. Manuscript in University of Eastern Finland, School of Forest Sciences.
- Jack, W. 1971. The influence of tree spacing on Sitka spruce growth. Irish Forestry 28: 13–33.
- Møller, C. M. 1954. The influence of thinning on volume increment. I. Results of investigations. In: Thinning Problems and Practices in Denmark. S.O. Heiberg (ed). State University of New York, College of Forestry at Syracuse, World Forestry Series, Syracuse, New York Publication One , pp. 5–32 .
- Mielikäinen, K. 1985. Koivusekoituksen vaikutus kuusikon rakenteeseen ja kehitykseen. Summary: Effect of an admixture of birch on the structure and development of Norway spruce stand. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 9:1–17.
- Mielikäinen, K. 1980. Mänty-koivusekametsiköiden rakenne ja kehitys. Summary: Structure and development of mixed pine and birch stands. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 99(3):1–82.
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This page has been updated 16.07.2022