Trees, forest and forest ecosystems

Authors & references

Author:

Seppo Kellomäki (Professor Emeritus, University of Eastern Finland) has modified and updated the text from the reference “Kellomäki, S. 2009. Trees, forests and forest ecosystems. In: Kellomäki, S. (Ed.). Forest Resources and Sustainable Management. 2^nd edition. Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland. pp.  16-96”. 

References:

1. Hakkila, P. 1989. Utilization of residual forest biomass. Springer Series in Wood Science. Springer-Verlag. Berlin/Heidelberg/New York. 568 p.
2. He, H., Zhang ,C., Zhao, X., Fousseni, F., Wang, J., Dai, H., Yang, S., and Zuo, Q. 2018. Allometric biomass equations for 12 tree species in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests, Northeastern China. PloS ONE 13(1).
3. Kramer, P.J., and Kozlowski, T.T. 1979. Physiology of woody plants. Academic Press. New York/San Francisco/London. 811 p.
4. Weier, T.E., Stocking, C.R., and Barbour, M.G. 1974. Botany: an introduction to plant biology. John Wiley & Sons. New York/London/Sidney/Toronto. Fifth Edition. 692 p.
5. Sarvas, R. 1964. Havupuut. Helsinki. Werner Söderström Oy. 518 p.
6. Harlow, W. M, Harrar, E.S., and White, F.M. 1978. Textbook of dendrology. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 510 p.
7. Wilson, B. F. 1970. The growing tree. Amherst. The University of Massachusetts Press. Amherst. 152 p.