Natural fibre products
- Printing and writing papers
- Paperboards
- Tissue
- Nonwovens
- Speciality papers
- Production of paper and board
- Stock and water systems
- Web forming
- Wet pressing
- Drying of natural fibre products
- Surface sizing
- Pigment coating
- Finishing
- Converting of paper and board
- Papermaking chemistry
- Paper physics
- Printing
Formation In addition to fibres, paper consists of fibre fragments, mineral fillers and chemical additives. In the web formation process, they all settle stochastically in the web. Paper formation is the resulting nonuniform distribution of particles. A more precise definition of formation is the variability of the grammage of paper. One can easily see the
Authors & references
Edited by:
Professor Jouni Paltakari, Aalto University
Based on: Niskanen, K. & Pakarinen, P. Paper Structure (Chapter 1). In: Niskanen, K. (ed), Paper Physics, (Book 16), Papermaking Science and Technology. 2nd edition. Jyväskylä, 2008, Finnish Paper Engineers’ Association/Paperi ja Puu Oy. pp. 11 – 58. More literature references can also be found in this chapter.
References:
- Norman, B., “Overview of the physics of forming”, Fundamentals of Papermaking (C. F. Baker and V. W. Punton, Eds.). Mech. Eng. Publ, London, 1989, vol. 3, pp. 73–149.
- Kajanto, I. M., Nordic Pulp Pap. Res. J. 4(1):8(1989).
- Kajanto, I. M., Paperi Puu 73(4):338(1991).
- Kajanto, I. M., Komppa, A., and Ritala, R. K., Nordic Pulp Pap. Res. J. 4(3):21(1989).
- Cresson, T. M., “The sensing, analysis and simulation of paper formation”, Ph.D. thesis, State Univ. of New York, Syracuse, NY,1988.
- Juvonen, K., “Measurement of the formation of multi-ply boards and the effect of formation on surface properties of board”, Licentiate thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland, 1993.
- Laleg, M. and Nguyen, N., J. Pulp Paper Sci. 21(10):J356(1995).
- Haglund, L., Norman, B., Wahren, D., Svensk Papperstid. 77(10):362(1974) and Norman, B, and Wahren, D., “Mass Distribution and Sheet Properties”, The Fundamental Properties of Paper Related to its Uses (F. Bolam, Ed.), B.P.B.I.F., London, 1976, Vol 1, pp. 7–71.
Videos
Exercises
This page has been updated 25.11.2020