Process control and automation
- Introduction to process control and automation
- Development of process automation
- Fibre process automation
- Chemical recovery as a control object
- Advances in paper machine automation
- Paper machine as a dynamical system
- Tasks in paper machine control and management
- Control of stock flow concentration and quality
- Machine direction control
- Cross-directional control – The static optimisation
- Cross-directional control – Dynamics
- Cross-directional control – further aspects
- Controlling functional paper properties
- Managing grade chances in the paper machine
- Managing disturbances caused by broke and recovered solids
- Millwide systems
- Modelling and control methods
Black liquor evaporation – Modelling The evaporation plant usually consists of multiple evaporator units connected in series (Figure 1). Only the evaporator with the highest solids concentration uses fresh steam. Liquor boils there and the liquor vapour proceeds to the next stage as heating steam. This continues until the steam condensate leaves the last stage.
Authors & references
Authors:
Professor Emeritus Kauko Leiviskä, University of Oulu
References:
- Bhargave, R., Khanam, S., Mohanty, N. and Ray, A.K. 2008. Mathematical model of a multiple effect evaporator system with condensate-, feed – and product flash and steam splitting. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology 15(3):118-129.
- Gautami, G. 2011. Modeling and Simulation of Multiple Effect Evaporator System. MTe Thesis, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India.
- Brooks, T. R., Edwards, L. L. 1992. A real-time, model-based expert system for multiple-effect evaporators. TAPPI J. Vol. 75, Issue 11, pp. 131–135. ISSN 0734–1415.
- Cardoso a, M., Dionísio de Oliveira a, K., Costa, G.A.A. and Passos, M.L. 2009. Chemical process simulation for minimizing energy consumption in pulp mills. Applied Energy 86 :45–51.
- Kumar, D., Kumar, V, and Singh, V.P. 2013. Modeling and dynamic simulation of mixed feed multi-effect evaporators in paper industry. Applied Mathematical Modelling 37:384–397.
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This page has been updated 25.11.2020