Man-made bio-based fibre products
- Introduction to man-made bio-based fibre products
- Man-made bio-based fibre products and their end-uses
- Textile fibres, processing and end-uses
- Key aspects of the down-stream conversion processes
- Production of bio-based fibres
- Dissolving pulp as a raw material
- Cellulose esters of organic acids
- Production of viscose fibres
- General description of carbamate processes
- Production of lyocell fibres
- Production of Cupro fibres
- Carbon fibres from regenerated cellulose
- Production of Alginate fibres
- Viscose and lyocell machinery developments
- Processing of silkworm and spider silk protein fibres
- Polylactide fibres
- Polyhydroxyalcohols PHA and poly(caprolactone)
- Scientific principles of polymer fibre forming
- Alternative and emerging processes for bio-based synthetic fibers
- Ionic liquid as direct solvents: Ioncell-F method
- Enzymatic activation of cellulose – Biocelsol method
- Cellulose carbamate process
- Direct spinning of cellulose composite fibre yarn
- Cellulose-lignin blend as carbon fibre raw material
- Bio-based polyolefines — emerging processes
- Bio-based polyesters — emerging processes
- Polyamides from ligno-cellulosics as raw materials
- Industrial development with silkworm and spider silk
Carbon fibres from bio-based raw materials Carbon fibres are produced by thermal treatment of carbon-containing materials, preferably from those of high carbon content (meaning low weight loss in pyrolysis) such as PAN, pitch, phenolic resins and aromatic polyamides, as shown by Table 1. Highly oriented viscose (polynosic, modal, lyocell) is the most used bio-based raw
Authors & references
Author:
Professor Emeritus, Pertti Nousiainen, Tampere University
References:
- Edison T. A., (1892) US Patent 470925
- Ahu Gumrah Dumanlı and Alan H. Windle, Carbon fibres from cellulosic precursors, J Mater Sci (2012) 47:4236–4250DOI 10.1007/s10853-011-6081-8
- Khalid Lafdi and Maurice A. Wright, Carbon Fibers, in Handbook of Composites. Edited by S.T. Peters. Published in 1998 by Chapman & Hall, London. pp. 170-171. ISBN 0 412 54020 7
- Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and Lignin: Effect of Operating Temperature on Bio-oil Yield and Composition and Insights into the Intrinsic Pyrolysis Chemistry
- Khursheed B. Ansari Jyotsna S. Arora Jia Wei Chew Paul J. Dauenhauer and Samir H. Mushrif*, Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and Lignin: Effect of Operating Temperature on Bio-oil Yield and Composition and Insights into the Intrinsic Pyrolysis Chemistry Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2019, 58, 35, 15838–15852, June 3, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00920
- Pickel J.M., Griffin W.L., Compere A.L., Utilization of lignin in the production of low-cost carbon fiber, 231st ACS National Meeting 26-30 March 2006, Atlanta, US, CELL-133
- A Broido and M. A. Nelson, Char Yield on Pyrolysis of Cellulose, Combustion and flame 24, 263-268 ( 1975) Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, California 94701
- Pertti Nousiainen, Shahram Heidari and Matti Nieminen, High performance activated carbon fibres from viscose fibres Edana Int. Nonwoven Symp., June 11-12 1991, Monte Carlo, Monaco, 11pp.
- Griffith W.L., Compere A.L., Leitten C.F.Jr., Lignin-based carbon fiber for transportation applications, International SAMPE Technical Conference, 36 2004, 212–220
- Kubo S., Kadla J.F., Uraki Y., A short review for current and future developments in lignin based carbon fibers, Mokuzai Kogyo, 60(6)2005, 250–255
- Mainka H, Hilfert L, Busse S, Edelmann F, Haak E, Herrmann, A. S., (2015a) Characterization of the major reactions during conversion of lignin to carbon fiber. J Mater Res Technol4:377–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2015.04.005
- Mainka H, Tager O, Korner E, Hilfert L, Busse S, Edelmann FT,Herrmann AS (2015b) Lignin—an alternative precursor for sustainable and cost effective automotive carbon fiber. J Mater Res Technol 4:283–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2015.03.004
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This page has been updated 04.06.2021