Bio-based plastics and fibres Main production statistics The need for bio-based alternatives to our current plastics appears obvious, with an annual 400 million tonnes currently produced – a figure that is expected to triple by 2050 without a global change in direction – and only 15 % of it is recycled. The resistance of conventional
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- Introduction to forest-based bioeconomy
- Wood products
- Natural fibre products
- Man-made bio-based fibre products
- Bio-based nanomaterials
- Recycled fibre
- Pulping and biorefining
- Energy and biofuels
- Biomass chemistry and physiology
- Material testing and product properties
- Forests and other biomass resources
- Supply chain
- Process control and automation
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Bio-based plastics and fibres
After reading this article you will..
- Understand the overall environmental state of the textile and fashion industries.
- Understand the effect of textile production and care on the global air and marine pollution.
- Have knowledge about the main sources of information about the legislation and standards of fibres and textiles.
- Have knowledge about the current state of development of bio-based synthetic and protein polymers as raw materials for fibres.
Content
Man-made bio-based fibre products
- Introduction to man-made bio-based fibre products
- Man-made bio-based fibre products and their end-uses
- Textile fibres, processing and end-uses
- Key aspects of the down-stream conversion processes
- Production of bio-based fibres
- Dissolving pulp as a raw material
- Cellulose esters of organic acids
- Production of viscose fibres
- General description of carbamate processes
- Production of lyocell fibres
- Production of Cupro fibres
- Carbon fibres from regenerated cellulose
- Production of Alginate fibres
- Viscose and lyocell machinery developments
- Processing of silkworm and spider silk protein fibres
- Polylactide fibres
- Polyhydroxyalcohols PHA and poly(caprolactone)
- Scientific principles of polymer fibre forming
- Alternative and emerging processes for bio-based synthetic fibers
- Ionic liquid as direct solvents: Ioncell-F method
- Enzymatic activation of cellulose – Biocelsol method
- Cellulose carbamate process
- Direct spinning of cellulose composite fibre yarn
- Cellulose-lignin blend as carbon fibre raw material
- Bio-based polyolefines — emerging processes
- Bio-based polyesters — emerging processes
- Polyamides from ligno-cellulosics as raw materials
- Industrial development with silkworm and spider silk
Authors & references
Author:
Professor Emeritus, Pertti Nousiainen, Tampere University
References:
- Adrian Wilson, Where next for bioplastics and biocomposites? Editor’s Viewpoint 2nd August 2019, UK, https://www.insidecomposites.com/adrian-wilson/
- EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Author: Nikolina Šajn Members’ Research Service PE 633.143 – January 2019
- EC Joint Research Centre (JRC) estimation 2014
- McKinsey Analysis, State of Fashion 2018
- Eurostat data 2017
- Beverley Henrya, KirsiLaitala, Ingun Grimstad Klepp (2019): Microfibres from apparel and home textiles: Prospects for including microplastics in environmental sustainability assessment. Science of the Total Environment 652 (2019) 483-486
- www.bio-based.eu
- EPRS briefing Improving global value chains key for EU trade (2016) EPRS paper EU flagship initiative on the garment sector (2017).
- Textile Exchange Organic Cotton Market Report 2017.
- EU Directive for a target ceiling of 10% of municipal waste to be landfilled by 2035.
- Pulse of the Fashion Industry 2017 Global Fashion Agenda
- Studies of JRC, the EEA and the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, Pulse of the Fashion Industry 2017 and Pulse of the Fashion Industry 2018.
- CEN/TC 248 of the European Committee for Standardisation.
- Commission decision 2014/350/EU establishing the ecological criteria for the award of the EU Ecolabel for textile products and the factsheet on the EU Ecolabel for textile products.
- Commission Staff Working Document 2017EU green public procurement criteria for textile product and services and the 2017 JRC technical report EU Green Public Procurement (GPP) Criteria for Textile Products and Services.
- Li Shen and Martin K. Patel (2010): Life cycle assessment of man-made cellulose
- http://www.bio-based.eu/markets
- Ropponen, Jarmo, Update on Bioplastics Development, PULPAPER 29.-31.5.2018, Helsinki Finland
- https://www.european-bioplastics.org/tag/nova-institut/
- https://www.european-bioplastics.org/five-year-eu-flagship-project-to-establish-an-innovative-supply-chain-for-fdca-and-pef/
- Denny, M., The physical properties of spider´s silk and their role in the design of orbwebs, Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol 65, 1976, pp 484-486.
- Carmichael, S., Viney, C., Molecular order in Spider Major Ampullate Silk (Dragline): Effects of Spinning Rate and Post-Spin Drawing, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 72, 895-903 (1999)
- Teule, F., Aube, C., Ellison, M. and Abbott, A., Biomimetic manufacturing of Customized Novel Fiber Proteins for Specialised Applications. Proceed. 3rd Autex Conference, Gdansk, Book I, Technical University of Lodz, June 25-27, 2003, pp 38-43.
- Sundquist J. 1981. Tekstiiliraaka-aineet 2. Tekokuitujen valmistus. Opintomoniste 72. Tampere: Tampereen teknillinen korkeakoulu.
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This page has been updated 15.04.2021
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