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- Introduction to forest-based bioeconomy
- Wood products
- Natural fibre products
- Man-made bio-based fibre products
- Bio-based nanomaterials
- Recycled fibre
- Pulping and biorefining
- Energy and biofuels
- Biomass chemistry and physiology
- Material testing and product properties
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Fibre morphology and flexibility
After reading this article you will..
- know how internal and external fibrillation changes fibre morphology of various pulp types.
Recycled fibre
- Legislation
- Sources and quality of paper for recycling
- Recyclability of paper and board products – Deinkability
- Recycling versus recyclability
- Technical aspects of recycling
- Relevance of recyclability
- Repulpability and deinkability
- Deinkability test methods
- EPRC deinkability assessment
- Deinkability of different printed products
- Removability of adhesive applications
- EPRC assessment on removability of adhesive applications in graphic paper products
- Unit operations and equipment in recycled fibre processing
- Design of processes
- Design principles for stock preparation processes
- Process design for graphical grades, news print
- Process design for tissue
- Process design for board and packaging grades
- Reject and Sludge handling for graphical and tissue applications
- Reject and Sludge handling for board and packaging applications
- Water management
- Additives
- Deinking
- Bleaching of deinked pulp
- Process water treatment
- Sticky control – detackification
- Enzymatic solution for recycled fibres
- Papermaking potential of recycled fibre
- Differences between virgin and recycled fibre
- Repeated (manifold) recycling experiments
- Multiple papermaking with recycled fibres
- Modelling of fibre age distribution
- Special request of recycled fibre furnish in papermaking
- Effects of recycled fibre in papermaking
- Challenges of increased recycled fibre utilisation
Authors & references
Author:
Hans Putz
References:
- Bouchard, J. and Douek, M., The effects of recycling on the chemical properties of pulps. CPPA 2nd Research Forum on Recycling, St. Adele, 1993
- Gurnagul, N., Sodium hydroxide addition during recycling: Effects on fiber swelling and sheet strength. Tappi J. 78(1995) No. 12, p. 119-124
- Alanko, K., Paulapuro, H., Stenius, P., Recyclability of thermomechanical pulp fibres. Paperi ja Puu – Paper and Timber, 77(1995) No. 5, p. 315-328
- Korpela, A., Kuitujen kierrätettävyys, Internal Report, KCL, Espoo, Finland, 1994
- Klofta, J. and Miller, M.L., Effects of deinking on the recycle potential of papermaking fibers. CPPA 2nd Research Forum on Recycling, St. Adele, 1993
- Koljonen, T. and Heikkurinen, A., Characterization of refining effects on deinked pulp. 6th PTS-Deinking-Symposium, Munich, 1994
- Scallan, A. and Tigerstrom, A.C., Elasticity of fiber wall; effects of pulping and recycling. CPPA 1st Research Forum on Recycling, Toronto, 1991
- Alanko, K., Paulapuro, H., Stenius, P., Recyclability of thermomechanical pulp fibres. Paperi ja Puu – Paper and Timber, 77(1995) No. 5, p. 315-328
- Tam Doo, P. and Kerekes, R.J., The flexibility of wet pulp fibers. Pulp Paper Can. 83(1982) No. 2, p. T37-T42
- Howard, R.C. and Bichard, W., The Basic Effects of Recycling on Pulp Properties. J. Pulp Paper Sci. 18(1992) No. 4, p. J151-J159
- Jang, H. F., Howard, R.C. and Seth, R.S., Fiber characterization using confocal microscopy – the effects of recycling. Tappi J. 78(1995) No.12, p. 131-137
- Hoppe, J. and Baumgarten, H.-L., Die Zukunft des Papiers im elektronischen Zeitalter – Papier auf dem Weg ins 3. Jahrtausend (Teil 1). Wochenbl. Papierfabr. 125(1997) No.18, p. 860-71
- Gratton, M.F., The recycling potential of calendered newsprint fibres. CPPA 1st Research Forum on Recycling, Toronto, 1991
- Lammi, T. and Heikkurinen, A. PSC Report No. 102, KCL, Espoo, Finland, 1997, pp.18
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This page has been updated 16.11.2021