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Category: Energy and biofuels
Principles of evaporation
Evaporation
Chemical recovery
Production processes recovery and energy
Global forest industry energy use
Introduction to Energy and biofuels
Energy and biofuels
Editor: Professor Esa Vakkilainen, LUT University Energy and biofuels The main manufacturing costs in the European forest industry are the costs of fibre raw material, i.e. wood, recovered paper and market pulp. Energy costs are 12–17 % of the total manufacturing cost and thus they significantly affect the profitability. The share of energy cost