Environmental health & exposure

Authors & references

Author:

Heli Kangas, Technology Manager, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd

References:

1. Review of Environmental Legislation for the Regulatory Control of Nanomaterials. Final Report, Sept. 2011. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/nanotech/pdf/review_legislation.pdf
2. Kovacs, T., Naish, V., O’Connor, B., Blaise, C., Gagne, F., Hall, L., Trudeau, V., Martel, P. 2010. An ecotoxicological characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). Nanotoxicol. 4(1–4) 255–270.
3. O’Connor, B. 2009. Ensuring safety of manufactured nanocrystalline cellulose. OECD conference, July 15–17, Paris.
4. O’Connor, B. 2011. Ensuring safety of manufactured nanocrystalline cellulose. A risk assessment under Canada’s new substances notification regulations. 2011 TAPPI International Conference on Nanotechnology for Renewable Materials. June 6, Arlington, USA.
5. Vartiainen, J., Pöhler, T., Sirola, K., Pylkkänen, L., Alenius, H., Hokkinen, J., Tapper, U., Lahtinen, P., Kapanen, A., Putkisto, K., Hiekkataipale, P., Eronen, P., Ruokolainen, J., Laukkanen, A. 2011. Health and environmental safety aspects of friction grinding and spray drying of microfibrillated cellulose. Cellulose, Vol. 18, No. 3, 775–786. DOI 10.1007/s10570-011-9501-7.
6. Munk, M., Brandão, H.M., Nowak, S., Mouton, L., Gern, J.C., Guimares, A.S., Yéprémian, C., Couté, A., Raposo, N.R.B., Marconcini, J.M., Brayner, R. 2015. Direct and indirect toxic effects of cotton-derived cellulose nanofibers on filamentous green algae. Ecotoxicol. Env. Safety 122, 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.001
7. Harper, B.J., Clendaniel, A., Sinche, F., Way, D., Hughes, M., Schardt, J., Simonsen, J., Stefaniak, A.B., Harper, S.L. (2016) Impacts of chemical modification on the toxicity of diverse nanocellulose materials to developing zebrafish. Cellulose 23, 1763–1775.
8. Kapanen, A., Vartiainen, J., Lappalainen, T., Korhonen P., Vikman, M. 2011. Toxicity and characteristics of microfibrillated cellulose in kinetic luminescent bacteria test environment. 6th International Conference on the Environmental Effects of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials. Sept. 19–21, London, UK.
9. Kangas, H., Pitkänen, M., Vartiainen, J., Vikman, M. 2015. Biodegradability, compostability and safety of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and CNF-based products. Tappi International Conference on Nanotechnology for renewable materials. June 23–25, Atlanta, USA.
10. Vikman, M., Vartiainen, J., Korhonen, P., Tsitko, I. 2014. Biodegradability and Compostability of Nanofibrillar Cellulose-Based Products. J. Polymer Environ. 23(2), 206–215. doi: 10.1007/s10924-014-0694-3