Bio-based nanomaterials
- Introduction – What are bio-based nanomaterials?
- Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)
- Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) – general introduction
- Bacterial celluloses
- Nanolignin
- Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)
- Market for bio-based nanomaterials
- Safety of bio-based nanomaterials
- Additive manufacturing of bio-based (nano)materials
Safety of bio-based nanomaterials Bio-based nanomaterials are in general considered to be safe because of their natural origin and the benign nature of the bulk forms. However, it needs to be kept in mind that all nanomaterials exhibit novel properties compared to their corresponding bulk materials. These nano-specific properties, which make nanomaterials promising from a
Authors & references
Author:
Heli Kangas, Technology Manager, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
References:
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- WHO, International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2012. Index for Agents classified by IARC Monographs, Vol. 1–106. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php
- Shedova, A.A., Yanamala, N., Kisin, E.R., Tkach, A.V., Murray, A.R., Hubbs, A. Chirila, M.M., Keohavong, P., Sycheva, L.P., Kagan, V.E., Castranova, V. 2014. Long-term effects of carbon containing engineered nanomaterials and asbestos in the lung: one-year postexposure comparison. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 306, L170-L182. Doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00167.2013
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- Stefaniak, A.B., Seehra, M.S., Fix, N.R., Leonard, S.S. 2014. Lung biodurability and free radical production of cellulose nanomaterials. Inhal. Toxicol. 26(12), 733–749.
- Lindberg, H.K., Falck, G.C.-M., Suhonen, S., Vippola, M., Vanhala, E., Catalán, J., Savolainen, K., Norppa, H. 2009. Genotoxicity of nanomaterials: DNA damage and micronuclei induced by carbon nanotubes and graphite nanofibers in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Toxicol. Letters 186, 166–-173. Doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.11.019
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- Pitkänen, M., Kangas, H., Vartiainen, J. 2014. Toxicity and Health Issues. In: Handbook of Green Materials. Processing Technologies, Properties and Applications, Vol 1. Chapter 12. World Scientific Publishing, 188–-205.
- Endes, C., Camarero-Espinosa, S., Mueller, S., Foster, E.J., Petri-Fink, A., Rothen-Rutishauer, B., Weder, C., Clift, M.J.D. (2016) A critical review of the current knowledge regarding the biological impact of nanocellulose. J. Nanobiotechnol. 14:78.
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This page has been updated 29.10.2020