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Mechanical treatments for producing CNF
After reading this article you will..
- know which are the most common mechanical treatments for manufacturing of CNF.
- learn what are the differences between the treatment methods.
- have information on the non-conventional treatment methods.
Bio-based nanomaterials
- Introduction – What are bio-based nanomaterials?
- Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)
- Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) – general introduction
- Bacterial celluloses
- Nanolignin
- Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)
- Market for bio-based nanomaterials
- Safety of bio-based nanomaterials
- Additive manufacturing of bio-based (nano)materials
Authors & references
Author:
Heli Kangas, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
References:
- Nechyporchuk, O., Belgacem, M.N., Bras, J. 2016. Production of cellulose nanofibrils: A review of recent advances. Ind. Crops Prod. 93, 2–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.02.016
- Lavoine, N., Desloges, I., Dufresne, A. & Bras, J. 2012. Microfibrillated cellulose, their barrier properties and applications in cellulosic materials: a review. Carbohydrate Res. 90, 735-764.
- Turbak, A.F., Snyder, F.W. & Sandberg, K.R. 1983. Microfibrillated cellulose. Patent US4,374,702.
- Herrick, F.W. 1984. Process for preparing microfibrillated cellulose. Patent US4,481,077.
- Zimmermann, T., Pöhler, E. & Geiger, T. 2004. Cellulose fibrils for polymer reinforcement. Adv. Eng. Mater. 6, 754-761.
- Spence, K., Venditti, R.A., Rojas, O.J., Habibi, Y. & Pawlak, J.J. 2011. A comparative study of energy consumption and physical properties of microfibrillated cellulose produced by different processing methods. Cellulose 18, 1097-1111.
- Pöhler, T., Lappalainen, T., Tammelin, T., Eronen, P., Hiekkataipale, P., Vehniäinen, A. & Koskinen, T.K. 2010. Influence of fibrillation method on the character of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). 2010 TAPPI International Conference on Nanotechnology for the Forest Products Industry. 27-29.9., Espoo, Suomi.
- Ho, T.T.T., Abe, K., Zimmermann, T., Yano, H., 2015. Nanofibrillation of pulp fibers by twin-screw extrusion. Cellulose 22, 421–433, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0518-6.
- Cheng, Q., Wang, S., Rials, T.G., 2009. Poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose fibrils isolated by high intensity ultrasonication. Compos. A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 40, 218–224, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.11.009.
- Dufresne, A., Cavaillé, J.Y., Vignon, M.R., 1997. Mechanical behaviour of sheets prepared from sugar beet cellulose microfibrils. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 64,1185–1194, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970509)64:6<1185:AID-APP19>3.0.CO;2-V.
- Zhang, L., Tsuzuki, T., Wang, X., 2015. Preparation of cellulose nanofiber from softwood pulp by ball milling. Cellulose 22, 1729–1741, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0582-6.
- Kondo, T., Kose, R., Naito, H., Kasai, W., 2014. Aqueous counter collision using paired water jets as a novel means of preparing bio-nanofibers. Carbohydr. Polym. 112, 284–290, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.064.
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This page has been updated 01.10.2022